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Major and trace element geochemistry of CO2-rich groundwater in the volcanic aquifer system of the Eastern Sikhote-Alin (Russia)

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Abstract

The largest CO2-rich mineral water resource in the Sikhote-Alin ridge of Eastern Russia at Gornovodnoe village was studied. The high-pCO2 groundwaters are cold (5.8–10 °C) with pH 5.9–6.5, TDS varied from 1.2 to 2.7 g/l and belong to Ca–Mg (Ca–Na)–HCO3 type. New data on geology, mineralogy, hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry, in conjunction with isotope data of water and gas phases, have provided a much better understanding of the origin of this distinctive groundwater. It was found that this water is of meteoric origin, but its unusual chemical composition is controlled by interactions of CO2-rich groundwater and the aquifer materials. The dissolved CO2 gas makes the water slightly acidic (at about pH 6.2) which increased the leaching of many trace elements from host volcanic rocks typically considered immobile at these pH values. 3He/4He ratios and δ13C indicate that mantle degassing is important as a source of deep exogenic fluids. The cold CO2-rich groundwater of the Eastern Sikhote-Alin ridge is the result of interactions between fresh groundwater of meteoric origin, mantle gases and the host volcanic rocks. It thus highlights connectivity between deep and shallow fluids along with deep fractures related to ancient terrane boundaries.

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The photographs were taken on a microprobe Jeol, JXA-8100

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Acknowledgements

Research presented in this article was supported jointly by projects: INTAS No. A2-075 led by Dr. W. Mike Edmunds (British Geological Survey), Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) according to the research Project No. 19-55-50002, and the Russian Science Foundation (No. 18-17-00245). Also, the authors gratefully thank the editor, James W. LaMoreaux, and the anonymous reviewers for reviewing and making critical comments on this manuscript. We would like to thank Dr.Tatiana Velivetskaya, Dr.Vladimir Goriachev and Mrs. Natalia Zarubina for their help on chemical and isotopic analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Hypergene Processes Geochemistry, Far East Geological Institute, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray, Russia, 690022

    N. A. Kharitonova, G. A. Chelnokov, I. V. Bragin & O. V. Chudaev

  2. Geological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, 1 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, Russia, 119991

    N. A. Kharitonova & V. V. Funikova

  3. Geological Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky Lane 7, Moscow, Russia, 119017

    N. A. Kharitonova, G. A. Chelnokov & I. V. Bragin

  4. School of Environmental Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia

    P. Shand

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  1. N. A. Kharitonova
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  2. G. A. Chelnokov
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  4. O. V. Chudaev
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Correspondence to I. V. Bragin.

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The paper is devoted to Professor W.M. Edmunds (Oxford University, UK) who made significant contributions to the study of the geochemistry of ground waters of the Far East of Russia.

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This article is a part of the Topical Collection in Environmental Earth Sciences on “Mineral and Thermal Waters” guest edited by Drs. Adam Porowski, Nina Rman and Istvan Forizs, with James LaMoreaux as the Editor-in-Chief.

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Kharitonova, N.A., Chelnokov, G.A., Bragin, I.V. et al. Major and trace element geochemistry of CO2-rich groundwater in the volcanic aquifer system of the Eastern Sikhote-Alin (Russia). Environ Earth Sci 79, 55 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8697-y

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