Abstract
The potential of using maximum entropy modeling for landslide susceptibility mapping is investigated in this paper. Although the maximum entropy model has been applied widely to species distribution modeling in ecology, its applicability to other kinds of predictive modeling such as landslide susceptibility mapping has not yet been investigated fully. In the present case study of Boeun in Korea, multiple environmental factors including continuous and categorical data were used as inputs for maximum entropy modeling. From the optimal setting test based on cross-validation, the effective feature type for continuous data representation was found to be a hinge feature and its combination with categorical data showed the best predictive performance. Factor contribution analysis indicated that distances from lineaments and slope layers were the most influential factors. From interpretations on a response curve, steeply sloping and weathered areas that consisted of excessively drained granite residuum soils were very susceptible to landslides. Predictive performance of maximum entropy modeling was slightly better than that of a logistic regression model which has been used widely to assess landslide susceptibility. Therefore, maximum entropy modeling is shown to be an effective prediction model for landslide susceptibility mapping.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akgun A (2012) A comparison of landslide susceptibility maps produced by logistic regression, multi-criteria decision, and likelihood ratio methods: a case study at Izmir, Turkey. Landslides 9:93–106
Althuwaynee OF, Pradhan B, Lee S (2012) Application of an evidential belief function model in landslide susceptibility mapping. Comput Geosci 44:120–135
Atkinson PM, Massari R (1998) Generalised linear modeling of susceptibility to landsliding in the central Apennines, Italy. Comput Geosci 24:373–385
Austin MP (2002) Spatial prediction of species distribution: an interface between ecological theory and statistical modeling. Ecol Model 157:101–118
Ballabio C, Sterlacchini S (2012) Support vector machines for landslide susceptibility mapping: the Staffora river basin case study, Italy. Math Geosci 44:47–70
Carranza EJM, Hale M (2003) Evidential belief functions for data-driven geologically constrained mapping of gold potential, Baguio district, Philippines. Ore Geol Rev 22:117–132
Chae BG, Cho YC, Song YS, Kim KS, Lee CO, Lee BJ, Kim MI (2009) Development of landslide prediction technology and damage mitigation countermeasures. Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Korea (in Korean)
Choi J, Oh HJ, Won JS, Lee S (2010) Validation of an artificial neural network model for landslide susceptibility mapping. Environ Earth Sci 60:473–483
Chung CF, Fabbri AG (1999) Probabilistic prediction models for landslide hazard mapping. Photogramm Eng Remote Sens 65:1389–1399
Chung CF, Fabbri AG (2003) Validation of spatial prediction models for landslide hazard mapping. Nat Hazards 30:451–472
Dai FC, Lee CF (2002) Landslide characteristics and slope instability modeling using GIS, Lantau Island, Hong Kong. Geomorphology 42:213–228
Elith J, Graham CH (2009) Do they? How do they? WHY do they differ? On finding reasons for different performances of species distribution models. Ecography 32:1–12
Elith J, Graham CH, Anderon RP et al (2006) Novel methods improve prediction of species distributions from occurrence data. Ecography 29:129–151
Elith J, Phillips SJ, Hastie T, Dudík M, Chee YE, Yates CJ (2011) A statistical explanation of Maxent for ecologists. Divers Distrib 17:43–57
Ercanoglue M, Gokceoglu C (2002) Assessment of landslide susceptibility for a landslide-prone area (north of Yenice, NW Turkey) by fuzzy approach. Environ Geol 41:720–730
Felicísimo A, Cuartero A, Remondo J, Quiros E (2012) Mapping landslide susceptibility with logistic regression, multiple adaptive regression splines, classification and regression trees, and maximum entropy methods: a comparative study. Landslides 9:175–189
Franklin J (2009) Mapping species distributions: spatial inference and prediction. Cambridge University Press, New York
Ghosh S, Carranza EJM (2010) Spatial analysis of mutual fault/fracture and slope controls on rock sliding in Darjeeling Himalaya, India. Geomorphology 122:1–24
Greco R, Sorriso-Valvo M, Catalano E (2007) Logistic regression analysis in the evaluation of mass movements susceptibility: the Aspromonte case study, Calabria, Italy. Eng Geol 89:47–66
Guisan A, Edwards TC, Hastie T (2002) Generalized linear and generalized additive models in studies of species distributions: setting the scene. Ecol Model 157:89–100
Jaynes ET (1957) Information theory and statistical mechanics. Phys Rev 106:620–630
Kim OJ, Lee DS, Lee HY (1977) Explanatory text of the geological map of Boeun sheet. Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Korea (in Korean)
Kim KS, Kim WY, Chae BG, Cho YC (2000) Engineering geologic characteristics of landslide induced by rainfall -Boeun, Chungcheong Buk-Do-. J Eng Geol 10:163–174 (in Korean)
Kim KD, Lee S, Oh HJ, Choi JK, Won JS (2006) Assessment of ground subsidence hazard near an abandoned underground coal mine using GIS. Environ Geol 50:1183–1191
Leathwick JR, Elith J, Francis MP, Hastie T, Taylor P (2006) Variation in demersal fish species richness in the oceans surrounding New Zealand: an analysis using boosted regression trees. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 321:267–281
Lee S (2005) Application of logistic regression model and its validation for landslide susceptibility mapping using GIS and remote sensing data. Int J Remote Sens 26:1477–1491
Lee S (2007) Landslide susceptibility mapping using an artificial neural network in the Gangneung area, Korea. Int J Remote Sens 28:4763–4783
Lee S, Min K (2001) Statistical analysis of landslide susceptibility at Yongin, Korea. Environ Geol 40:1095–1113
Lee S, Sambath T (2006) Landslide susceptibility mapping in the Damrei Romel area, Cambodia using frequency ratio and logistic regression models. Environ Geol 50:847–855
Lee S, Choi J, Min K (2004) Probabilistic landslide hazard mapping using GIS and remote sensing at Boun, Korea. Int J Remote Sens 25:2037–2052
Lee S, Hwang J, Park I (2012) Application of data-driven evidential belief functions to landslide susceptibility mapping in Jinbu, Korea. Catena 100:15–30
Lehmann A, Overton JM, Leathwick JR (2002) GRASP: generalized regression analysis and spatial prediction. Ecol Model 157:189–207
Park NW (2011) Application of Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence to GIS-based landslide susceptibility analysis. Environ Earth Sci 62:367–376
Park NW, Chi KH, Chung CF, Kwon BD (2003) GIS-based data-driven geological data integration using fuzzy logic: theory and application. Econ Environ Geol 36:243–255 (in Korean)
Phillips SJ, Dudík M (2008) Modeling of species distributions with Maxent: new extensions and a comprehensive evaluation. Ecography 31:161–175
Phillips SJ, Anderson RP, Schapire RE (2006) Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecol Model 190:231–259
Phillips SJ, Dudík M, Elith J, Graham CH, Lehmann A, Leathwick J, Ferrier S (2009) Sample selection bias and presence-only distribution models: implications for background and pseudo-absence data. Ecol Appl 19:181–197
Pineda E, Lobo JM (2009) Assessing the accuracy of species distribution models to predict amphibian species richness patterns. J Anim Ecol 78:182–190
Porwal AK, Carranza EJM, Hale M (2004) A hybrid neuro-fuzzy model for mineral potential mapping. Math Geol 36:803–826
Prasad AM, Iverson LR, Liaw A (2006) Newer classification and regression tree technique: bagging and random forests for ecological prediction. Ecosystems 9:181–199
Sivia DS, Skilling J (2006) Data analysis: a Bayesian tutorial. Oxford University Press, New York
Tinoco BA, Astudillo PX, Latta SC, Graham CH (2009) Distribution, ecology and conservation of an endangered Andean hummingbird: the Violet-throated Metaltail (Metallura baroni). Bird Conserv Int 19:63–76
Van Der Wal J, Shoo LP, Graham C, Williams SE (2009) Selecting pseudo-absence data for presence-only distribution modeling: how far should you stray from what you know? Ecol Model 220:589–594
Vorpahl P, Elsenbeer H, Märker M, Schröder B (2012) How can statistical models help to determine driving factors on landslides? Ecol Model 239:27–39
Ward DF (2007) Modelling the potential geographic distribution of invasive ant species in New Zealand. Biol Invasions 9:723–735
Wollan AK, Bakkestuen Y, Kauserud H, Gulden G, Halvorsen R (2008) Modelling and predicting fingal distribution patterns using herbarium data. J Biogeogr 35:2298–2310
Yao X, Tham LG, Dai FC (2008) Landslide susceptibility mapping based on support vector machine: a case study on natural slopes of Hong Kong, China. Geomorphology 101:572–582
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (NRF-2012R1A1A1005024). This work was also partly supported by Inha University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Park, NW. Using maximum entropy modeling for landslide susceptibility mapping with multiple geoenvironmental data sets. Environ Earth Sci 73, 937–949 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3442-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3442-z