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Canonical correspondence analysis of soil heavy metal pollution, microflora and enzyme activities in the Pb–Zn mine tailing dam collapse area of Sidi village, SW China

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Abstract

The impacts of the Pb–Zn mine tailing dam incident on the degree of environmental response from soil properties were investigated in Sidi village, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, SW China, using statistical analysis, as well as canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). From the descriptive statistical analysis of soil properties in Sidi village, it can be seen that the topsoil pH ranged from 5.53 to 6.57, while the mean value was 5.74, which reflects the acidic and oxidized effect of the tailing sand. The total Pb in topsoil ranged from 569.50 to 6,423 mg kg−1, while the mean value was 1,852.33 mg kg−1, and the total Zn in topsoil ranged from 240.70 to 5,513 mg kg−1, while the mean value was 1,190.42 mg kg−1, which indicates that this area should not be as farmland anymore according to the environmental quality evaluation standards for farmland of edible agricultural products of China HJ/T332-2006. By analyzing the statistical analysis data and the CCA bioplot, the total Pb and the total Zn have the significant positive correlation coefficients (r = 0.656, p < 0.01) and the angle between vectors of the total Pb and the total Zn is small, which confirms that the heavy metal contamination is mainly from the Pb–Zn intergrowth ore. Moreover, the soil microorganism and the total Pb–Zn are on the opposite quadrant in the CCA ordination diagram and the sensitivity of the soil microorganism to the total Pb–Zn in topsoil was observed in the order of bacteria < fungi < actinomyces. The soil enzyme was released by the soil microorganisms, therefore, the activities of invertase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase were inhibited into different degrees by the total Pb and the total Zn in topsoil. From the CCA biplot, their complex inwardness between the soil enzyme and the Pb–Zn contamination can be clearly and intuitively depicted. Then, the alkaline phosphatase activities have strongly positive correlation coefficients with the total Zn (r = 0.451, p < 0.05) and the urease activities (r = 0.394, p < 0.05).

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No. 41003038 and No. 41361054), the National Science Foundation of Guangxi Province (No. 2011GXNSFD018002, No. 2011GXNSFA018006, No. Guikehe14123001-13 and No. 2010GXNSFB013004) and the Special Fund for the Ministry of Land and Resources [No. 201211086-05 and No. (2013)02-013-003]. The authors sincerely thank the reviewers for their careful and insightful suggestions, which improved the manuscript a lot.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MLR and Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Qixing Road 50, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China

    Zhenjiang Jin, Zhongyi Li, Qiang Li & Qingjing Hu

  2. Agricultural Resource and Environment Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China

    Zhongyi Li

  3. Guangxi University, Nanning, 530007, China

    Qingjing Hu

  4. Environmental Science and Engineering College, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China

    Zhenjiang Jin, Rongmei Yang, Huafeng Tang, Min Li, Bingfu Huang, Jiayu Zhang & Guiwen Li

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  1. Zhenjiang Jin
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Correspondence to Qiang Li.

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Jin, Z., Li, Z., Li, Q. et al. Canonical correspondence analysis of soil heavy metal pollution, microflora and enzyme activities in the Pb–Zn mine tailing dam collapse area of Sidi village, SW China. Environ Earth Sci 73, 267–274 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3421-4

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