Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Mapping of total nitrogen, available phosphorous and potassium in Amik Plain, Turkey

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Environmental Earth Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Soil nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium concentrations accurately revealed spatial distribution maps and site-specific management-prone areas through inverse distance weighting (IDW) method in the Amik Plain, Turkey. Spatial mapping of soil nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium is a very severe need to develop an economically and environmentally sound soil management plans. The objectives of this study were (a) to map spatial variability of total N, available P, and exchangeable-K content of Amik Plain’s soils and (b) to locate problematic areas requiring site specific management strategies for the nutrient elements. Spatial analyses of Kjeldhal-N, Olsen-P, and exchangeable-K concentrations of the soils were performed by the IDW method. Mean N content for surface soils (0–20 cm) was 1.38 g kg−1, available P was 28.19 kg ha−1 and exchangeable-K was 690 kg ha−1 with the differences between maximum and minimum being 7.63 g N kg−1, 242 kg P ha−1, and 2,082 kg K ha−1. For the surface soil, site-specific management-prone areas of Kjeldahl-N, Olsen-P, and exchangeable-K for “low and high + very high” classes were found to be 20.1–17.8%, 24.7–10.0%, and 4.1–39.6%, respectively. Consequently, lands with excessive nutrient elements require preventive-leaching practices, whereas nutrient-poor areas need fertilizer applications in favor of increasing plant production.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akis R (2008) Unsupervised soil drainage classification and mapping through the application of spatial and nonspatial methods. PhD Thesis, University of Wyoming. Laramie, Wyoming, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Alpaslan M, Gunes A, Inal A (2005) Experimental techniques, 2nd edn. Ankara University Publications, Ankara (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Amini M, Afyuni M, Khademi H, Abbaspour KC, Schulin R (2005) Mapping risk of cadmium and lead contamination to human health in soils of Central Iran. Sci Total Environ 347:64–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aydeniz A (1985) Soil management. Ankara Üniversity Agricultural Faculty Press, Ankara (in Turkish)

  • Brady NC (1990) The nature and properties of soils. Macmillan, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Bremner JM (1996) Nitrogen-total. In: Sparks DL (ed) Methods of soil analysis, Part 3—chemical methods. Soil Science Society of America-American Society of Agronomy, vol 5, SSSA book series, pp 1085–1121

  • Brouder SM, Hofmann BS, Morris DK (2005) Mapping soil pH: accuracy of common soil sampling strategies and estimation techniques. Soil Sci Soc Am J 69:427–442

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown JR, Warncke D (1988) Recommended cation tests and measures of cation exchange capacity. In: Dahnke WD (ed) Recommended chemical soil test procedures for the north central region. Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin pp 15–16

  • Burgess TM, Webster R (1980) Optimal interpolation and isarithmic mapping of soil properties: I. The semivariogram and punctual kriging. J Soil Sci 31:315–331

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burrough PA, McDonnell RA (1998) Principles of geographic information systems. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Caridad-Cancela R, Vazquez EV, Vieira SR, Abreu CA, Gonzalez AP (2005) Assessing the spatial uncertainty of mapping trace elements in cultivated fields. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 36:253–274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chaplot V, Darboux F, Bourennane H, Leguedois S, Silvera N, Phachomphon K (2006) Accuracy of interpolation techniques for the derivation of digital elevation models in relation to landform types and data density. Geomorphology 77:126–141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen Q, Mynett AE (2003) Integration of data mining techniques and heuristic knowledge in fuzzy logic modelling of eutrophication in Taihu Lake. Ecol Modell 162:55–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Göksu MZL, Bozkurt A, Tasdemir M, Sarıhan E (2005) Copepoda and Cladocera (Crustacea) fauna of Asi River (Hatay, Turkey). Ege Univ J Fish Aquat Sci 22:17–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Gotway CA, Ferguson RB, Hergert GW, Peterson TA (1996) Comparison of kriging and inverse-distance methods for mapping soil parameters. Soil Sci Soc Am J 60:1237–1247

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood NN, Earnshaw A (1984) Chemistry of the elements. Pergamon Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Gün M, Erdem AM (2003) Agricultural master plan of Hatay. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs-Agricultural Directorate of Hatay (in Turkish)

  • Gündoğan R, Acemioğlu B, Alma MH (2004) Copper (II) adsorption from aqueous solution by herbaceous peat. J Colloid Interf Sci 269:303–309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hedley MJ, Stewart JWB, Chauhan BS (1982) Changes in inorganic and organic phosphorus fractions induced by cultivation practices and by laboratory incubation. Soil Sci Soc Am J 46:970–976

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson AH, Frizano J, Vann DR (2003) Biochemical implication of labile phosphorous in forest soils determined by the Hedley fractionation procedure. Oecologia 135:487–499

    Google Scholar 

  • Karlen DL, Wollenhaupt NC, Erbach DC, Berry EC, Swan JB, Eash NS, Jordahl JL (1994) Long term tillage effect on soil quality. Soil Tillage Res 32:313–327

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kravchenko A, Bullock DG (1999) A comparative study of interpolation methods for mapping soil properties. Agron J 91:393–400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuo S (1996) Phosphorus. In: Sparks DL (ed) Methods of soil analysis, Part 3: chemical methods. ASA and SSSA, pp 869–919

  • Lark RM, Ferguson RB (2004) Mapping risk of soil nutrient deficiency or excess by disjunctive and indicator kriging. Geoderma 118:39–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laslett GM, McBratney AB, Pahl PJ, Hutchinson MF (1987) Comparison of several spatial prediction methods for soil pH. J Soil Sci 38:325–341

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lauzon JD, O’Halloran IP, Fallow DJ, von Bertoldi AP, Aspinall D (2005) Spatial variability of soil test phosphorus, potassium, and pH of Ontario soils. Agron J 97:524–532

    Google Scholar 

  • Marschner H (1995) Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Mueller TG, Pierce FJ, Schabenberger O, Warncke DD (2001) Map quality for site-specific fertility management. Soil Sci Soc Am J 65:1547–1558

    Google Scholar 

  • Okae-Anti D, Ogoe JI (2006) Analysis of variability of some properties of a semideciduous forest soil. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 37:211–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ould Dedah WSW, Shaw RF Jr (1999) Spatial and temporal trends of sea surface temperature in the Northwest African Region. Oceanol Acta 22:265–279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pierzynski GM, Sims JT, Vance GF (1994) Soils and environmental quality. Lewis, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson TP, Matternicht G (2006) Testing the performance of spatial interpolation techniques for mapping soil properties. Comput Electron Agric 50:97–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sauer TJ, Cindy A, Cambardella CA, Meek DW (2006) Spatial variation of soil properties relating to vegetation changes. Plant Soil 280:1–5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schepers JS, Schlemmer MR, Ferguson RB (2000) Site-specific considerations for managing phosphorus. J Environ Qual 29:125–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Solomon D, Lehmann J, Mamo T, Fritsche F, Zech W (2002) Phosphorous forms and dynamics as influenced by land use change in sub-humid Etiopian highlands. Geoderma 105:21–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stein A, Brouwer J, Bouma J (1997) Methods for comparing spatial variability patterns of millet yield and soil data. Soil Sci Soc Am J 61:861–870

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson FJ (1994) Humus chemistry: genesis, composition, reactions. Wiley, London

  • Taşdemir M, Göksu MZL (2001) Some water quality criteria of Asi River, Hatay. Ege Univ J Fish Aquat Sci 18:55–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Timlin DJ, Pachepsky Y, Snyder VA, Bryant RB (1998) Spatial and temporal variability of corn grain yield on a hillslope. Soil Sci Soc Am J 62:764–773

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uygur V (2009) Phosphate sorption in calcareous soils: the role of iron oxide and carbonates. Asian J Chem 21(4):3001–3009

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson WJ (1968) Atlas advanced. Collins, Longman, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber D, Englund E (1992) Evaluation and comparison of spatial interpolators. Math Geol 24:381–391

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wollenhaupt NC, Wolkowski RP, Clayton MK (1994) Mapping soil test phosphorus and potassium for variable-rate fertilizer application. J Prod Agric 7:441–448

    Google Scholar 

  • Yalcin, M (2004) Determination of basic chemical and physical properties of the soils in the Amik Plain. MSc, Mustafa Kemal University, Turkey (in Turkish)

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by Mustafa Kemal University Research Foundation at soil sampling stage.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mustafa Kemal, 31040, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey

    Veli Uygur, Sema Karanlik & Rifat Akis

  2. Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mustafa Kemal, 31040, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey

    Ahmet Irvem

Authors
  1. Veli Uygur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ahmet Irvem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sema Karanlik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rifat Akis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Veli Uygur.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Uygur, V., Irvem, A., Karanlik, S. et al. Mapping of total nitrogen, available phosphorous and potassium in Amik Plain, Turkey. Environ Earth Sci 59, 1129–1138 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-009-0103-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-009-0103-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation