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Risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease: A prospective multi-center study

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Abstract

Introduction

Environmental risk factors have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). With rising incidence, it is important to know risk factors associated with IBD in our population. This study was aimed to evaluate risk factors for IBD from western India.

Methods

This was prospective, multi-center case-control study which included 1054 patients with IBD of which 765 (72.5%) were ulcerative colitis (UC) and 289 (27.4%) Crohn’s disease (CD). Asymptomatic individuals without a history of any major illness served as controls. The questionnaire containing risk factors for IBD was given to patients and control group. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated for each variable.

Result

Significant numbers of patients with CD were from rural area. Rural environment (OR 1.071, 0.82–1.38 and OR 1.441, 1.02–2.02), higher education (OR 1.830, 1.52–2.19 and OR 1.519, 1.16–1.97), professional by occupation (OR 1.754, 1.46–2.09 and OR 1.293, 0.99–1.67), annual family income >100,000 Indian national rupees (OR 2.185, 1.52–3.13 and OR 4.648, 3.10–6.95), history of appendectomy (OR 3.158, 1.71–5.80 and OR 3.158, 1.71–5.80), and family history of IBD (OR 4.510, 2.19–9.25 and OR 3.972, 1.58–9.96) were the risk factors for UC and CD, respectively. Vegetarian diet was protective factor for UC (OR 0.29, 0.27–0.39) and risk for CD (OR 1.179, 0.88–1.57). Smoking and chronic alcoholism were not found to be the risk factors.

Conclusion

This study highlights association between socioeconomic, dietary factors, appendectomy, and family history as risk factors for IBD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Topiwala National Medical College and B Y L Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, 400 008, India

    Anjali D. Amarapurkar & Samrat Kolekar

  2. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Bombay Hospital, New Marine Lines, Mumbai, 400 020, India

    Deepak N. Amarapurkar & Ameya Sonawane

  3. Department of Gastroenterology, Topiwala National Medical College and B Y L Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, 400 008, India

    Pravin Rathi

  4. Department of Gastroenterology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and Sion Hospital, Mumbai, 400 022, India

    Prabha Sawant

  5. Department of Gastroenterology, Jeevandeep Hospital, Anand, 388 001, India

    Nikhil Patel

  6. Department of Gastroenterology, Wockhardt Hospital, Rajkot, 360 007, India

    Praful Kamani

  7. Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Milestone Hospital, Rajkot, 360 002, India

    Krishnakant Rawal

  8. Department of Gastroenterology, Jagjivan Ram Western Railway Hospital, Mumbai, 400 008, India

    Rajiv Baijal & Naveen Totla

  9. Lake City Endoscopy Centre, Thane, 400 602, India

    Nitin Narawane

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  1. Anjali D. Amarapurkar
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Correspondence to Anjali D. Amarapurkar.

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Conflict of interest

ADA, DNA, PR, PS, NP, PK, KR, RB, AS, NN, SK, and NT declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethics statement

The authors declare that the study was performed in a manner to conform with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000 and 2008 concerning human and animal rights, and the authors followed the policy concerning informed consent as shown on Springer.com.

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Amarapurkar, A.D., Amarapurkar, D.N., Rathi, P. et al. Risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease: A prospective multi-center study. Indian J Gastroenterol 37, 189–195 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12664-018-0850-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12664-018-0850-0

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