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Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Curcumin Attenuates Cognitive Deficits and Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Ethidium Bromide–Induced Model of Demyelination

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Abstract

Oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Curcumin (CUR), an antioxidant compound, can be a potent treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, such as MS. CUR has poor bioavailability; therefore, it is used in nanoforms to increase its bioavailability. In the present study, the effects of CUR and conjugated linoleic acid-CUR (Lino-CUR) on spatial memory and oxidative stress in a putative animal model of MS were investigated. Forty-nine adult male Wistar rats (250 ± 50 g) were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 7): control, sham, ethidium bromide (EB), CUR (20 and 40 μg/kg) + EB, and Lino-CUR (20 and 40 μg/kg) + EB groups. Following MS induction, the groups were treated for 5 consecutive days. Finally, spatial memory and levels of oxidative stress parameters were assessed. Treatment with CUR and Lino-CUR at two doses significantly improved spatial memory and reduced oxidative stress parameters in the experimental models of MS. Furthermore, the effects of high dose (40 μg/kg) of Lino-CUR were more remarkable. These findings suggest that the microinjection of CUR in its synthetic form Lino-CUR significantly ameliorated spatial memory, through the reduction of oxidative stress markers in the brain of studied animals as a rat model of MS.

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Abbreviations

MS:

multiple sclerosis

CUR:

curcumin

Lino-CUR:

linoleic acid-CUR

EB:

ethidium bromide

CNS:

central nervous system

CSF:

cerebrospinal fluid

BBB:

blood-brain barrier

PUFAs:

polyunsaturated fatty acids

LPO:

lipid peroxidation

PBS:

phosphate-buffered saline

TCA:

trichloroacetic acid

TBA:

thiobarbituric acid

TAC:

total antioxidant activity

DMSO:

dimethyl sulfoxide

NMR:

nuclear magnetic resonance

ICV:

intracerebroventricular

i.p.:

intraperitoneal

MWM:

Morris water maze

FRAP:

ferric reducing antioxidant power

TPTZ:

2, 4, 6-tripyridyl-s-triazine

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

CAT:

catalase

TBARS:

thiobarbituric acid reactive substances

MDA:

malondialdehyde

PolyQ:

polyglutamine

ERK:

extracellular signal-regulated kinase

BDNF:

brain-derived neurotrophic factor

GFAP:

glial fibrillary acidic protein

PLGA:

poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)

Cur-NPs:

curcumin nanoparticles

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express their gratitude to the staff of the University of Tabriz for helping us to carry out this project.

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Correspondence to Homeira Hatami.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Barzegarzadeh, B., Hatami, H., Dehghan, G. et al. Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Curcumin Attenuates Cognitive Deficits and Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Ethidium Bromide–Induced Model of Demyelination. Neurotox Res 39, 815–825 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-020-00310-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-020-00310-0

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