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Functional Mechanism of Antimicrobial Peptide Bomidin and Its Safety for Macrobrachium rosenbergii

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Abstract

Macrobrachium rosenbergii is an economically important source of crustacean seafood worldwide. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important aquatic pathogen that causes epidemics of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis in shrimp populations, which results in significant economic losses to aquaculture farmers. To prevent the antibiotics abuse, which has become a serious threat to human health, novel anti-infective strategies are urgently required to control V. parahaemolyticus. Antimicrobial peptides, which exhibit favourable germicidal activity compared to traditional antibiotics, can be used as a key method to prevent and treat bacterial diseases. Herein, an antimicrobial peptide, bomidin, was expressed through genetic engineering technology. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bomidin showed a significant inhibitory effect on V. parahaemolyticus that was equivalent to that of ampicillin. Subsequently, the mechanism of action of recombinant bomidin was explored using PNP and ONPG assays to investigate the effects on membrane permeability. These assays indicated that bomidin penetrated the germ membrane and induced the release of cytoplasmic contents and ultimately interacted with DNA to form a bomidin–DNA complex that inhibits bacterial survival. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that bomidin could cause damage and dysfunction to the cell wall and membrane. Bomidin was nontoxic to mouse red blood cells within a concentration range that was much larger than the MIC. Toxicity assays revealed that 0.02 mg/mL bomidin was safe for use with juvenile freshwater prawns of M. rosenbergii and significantly inhibited the growth of V. parahaemolyticus in cultured water. These results demonstrated that synthetic peptide bomidin had great antibacterial effect against V. parahaemolyticus and therefore a therapeutic potential in aquaculture.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the support staff for their immense.

Funding

This study was funded by the Jiangsu Agricultural Independent Innovation Project (SCX(18)2011), National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFF0208600), National “Youth Top-notch Talent” Support Program (W0270187), Introduction of Nanjing Agricultural University Scientific Research Grants Project (804121), Central Guidance for Local Science and Technology Development (No. YDZX20173100004528), Science and Technology Joint Project of the Yangzte River Delta (No. 17395810102) and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing.

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Author notes

  1. Miao Zhang, Youli Yu and Lele Lian contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

    Miao Zhang, Youli Yu, Lele Lian, Wanjun Li, Jianluan Ren, Ying Liang, Feng Xue, Fang Tang & Jianjun Dai

  2. Jiangsu Fresh Water Aquatic Research Institute, Nanjing, China

    Xiaohua Zhu

  3. Jiangsu Genloci Biotechnologies Inc, Nanjing, China

    Jianqun Ling

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  1. Miao Zhang
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Correspondence to Feng Xue.

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Zhang, M., Yu, Y., Lian, L. et al. Functional Mechanism of Antimicrobial Peptide Bomidin and Its Safety for Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 14, 169–179 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-021-09857-6

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