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Redescription of the cyathocrinid cladid Codiacrinus schultzei Follmann, 1887 from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate at Bundenbach (Germany)

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Abstract

Codiacrinus schultzei Follmann, 1887 commonly occurs in the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate of Bundenbach (Germany). Although this cyathocrinid cladid has been studied for almost 125 years, its morphology remains incompletely known. This article reports unusual arm growth, the regeneration of an arm, the preservation of tegminal plates, the sculpture of the cup (hexagonal concentric lines), and the preservation of visceral organs, which were positioned within the cup. One X-radiograph possibly shows the mid- and hind-gut (preserved as soft tissues). Furthermore, the shape and arrangement of the cover plates are described in more detail than previously. Codiacrinus schultzei is systematically redescribed and compared with the other species in the genus. Further study of the systematic placement (within the Flexibilia?) is appropriate.

Kurzfassung

Codiacrinus schultzei Follmann, 1887 ist im unterdevonischen Hunsrückschiefer von Bundenbach (Deutschland) relativ häufig. Obwohl dieser Cyathocrinoide (Unterklasse Cladida) seit fast 125 Jahren belegt ist, ist seine Morphologie nicht vollständig bekannt. Dieser Artikel berichtet über ungewöhnliches Armwachstum und die Regeneration eines Armes, über die Erhaltung der Platten der Kelchdecke, über die Kelchstruktur (eckige konzentrische Linien) und den Erhalt der inneren Organe, die in der Kelchkapsel untergebracht waren. Eines der Röntgenbilder zeigt möglicherweise den mittleren und hinteren Darmtrakt (Weichteilerhaltung). Auch die Form und Anordnung der Deckplatten sind detaillierter als vorher beschrieben worden. Codiacrinus schultzei ist überarbeitet worden und wird mit den anderen Arten innerhalb der Gattung verglichen. Weitere Betrachtungen der taxonomischen Zugehörigkeit (innerhalb der Flexibilia?) sind angebracht.

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Acknowledgments

I. A. Rahman (Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK) improved the English and proposed additional figures. S. K. Donovan (Natural History Museum, Department of Palaeontology, Leiden, The Netherlands) aided in the preparation and reviewed an earlier version of the manuscript. G. D. Webster (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, USA) and M. Reich (Geoscience Center of the University of Göttingen Museum, Collections and Geopark Göttingen, Germany) reviewed and kindly improved the manuscript. The X-radiographs (stereo pair) of Fig. 10 were taken by Mrs. D. Setz. Figs. 4, 5, and 11 are photos taken in the Natural History Museum, Leiden, The Netherlands; Fig. 1 is from W. Harre (Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität, Institut für Paläontologie at Berlin, Germany), and Figs. 3, 7, and 12 were photographed by G. Oleschinski (Steinmann-Institut, University at Bonn, Germany) with the assistance of Mrs. G. Kühl. The author wishes to thank these people for their contributions. This is the second contribution concerning the Hunsrück Slate fossils that originated from collecting on the quarry dumps by the author. The first contribution (Südkamp 2007) has already been published in this journal [volume 81(2)].

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Südkamp, W.H. Redescription of the cyathocrinid cladid Codiacrinus schultzei Follmann, 1887 from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate at Bundenbach (Germany). Paläontol Z 85, 241–255 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-010-0089-2

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