Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Eco-friendly face milling of titanium alloy

  • Published:
International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Recently, a use of difficult to cut materials including titanium alloy has been substantially increasing in aerospace and automotive industries. Eco-friendly machining technology, which eliminates or minimizes cutting fluids in machining fields, has been emerged in compliance with green manufacturing trend. In this regard, machining technologies, such as hard milling, laser assisted machining (LAM), and enhanced lubrication/cooling method, have been adapted by the industries. Among the technologies, cryogenic machining has been considered for a viable solution for the materials without any environmental problems. LAM and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) can be useful method to cut these materials with an appropriate use. In this study, machining performance of ecofriendly machining techniques was compared experimentally for the titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). The machining performance was evaluated in terms of tool wear and cutting force. From experimental results, coated cutting tool with flood cooling condition was not recommended in titanium machining. The cryogenic, MQL, LAM showed outstanding machining performance than dry and flood cooling. Especially MQL machining was superior with relatively simple system setup. In addition, lubrication and cooling mechanism by combination of MQL and cryogenic reduced cutting force and tool wear. For energy consumption, MQL and cryogenic methods can be a sustainable solution.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ezugwu, E. O. and Wang, Z. M., “Titanium Alloys and their Machinability-a Review,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 68, No. 3, pp. 262–274, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ezugwu, E. O., “Key Improvements in the Machining of Difficultto-Cut Aerospace Superalloys,” International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, Vol. 45, No. 12, pp. 1353–1367, 2005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Yang, X. and Richard Liu, C., “Machining Titanium and its Alloys,” Machining Science and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 107–139, 1999.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Sandvik Coromant, “Milling of Titanium Alloys,” http://www2.coromant.sandvik.com/coromant/pdf/aerospace/gas_turbines/C_2920_18_ENG_043_074.pdf (Accessed 20 MAY 2014)

  5. Rahman, M., Wang, Z. G., and Wong, Y. S., “A Review on High-Speed Machining of Titanium Alloys,” JSME International Journal, Series C, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 11–20, 2006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Su, Y., He, N., Li, L., and Li, X., “An Experimental Investigation of Effects of Cooling/Lubrication Conditions on Tool Wear in High-Speed End Milling of Ti-6Al-4V,” Wear, Vol. 261, No. 7, pp. 760–766, 2006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Sun, J., Wong, Y. S., Rahman, M., Wang, Z. G., Neo, K. S., and et al., “Effects of Coolant Supply Methods and Cutting Conditions on Tool Life in End Milling Titanium Alloy,” Machining Science and Technology, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 355–370, 2006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Shokrani, A., Dhokia, V., and Newman, S. T., “Environmentally Conscious Machining of Difficult-to-Machine Materials with Regard to Cutting Fluids,” International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, Vol. 57, No. pp. 83–101, 2012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Zeman, P. and Madl, J., “Milling of Ti6-Al-4V Alloy with Cemented Carbide Tools,” Proc. of the 3rd International Conference on Manufacturing Engineering, pp. 155–164, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Yoo, S. S. and Kim, D. E., “Minimum Lubrication Technique using Silicone Oil for Friction Reduction of Stainless Steel,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 14, No. 6, pp. 875–880, 2013.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Wang, C. D., Chen, M., An, Q. L., Wang, M., and Zhu, Y. H., “Tool Wear Performance in Face Milling Inconel 182 using Minimum Quantity Lubrication with Different Nozzle Positions,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 557–565, 2014.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Hong, S. Y. and Ding, Y., “Cooling Approaches and Cutting Temperatures in Cryogenic Machining of Ti-6Al-4V,” International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, Vol. 41, No. 10, pp. 1417–1437, 2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Venugopal, K., Paul, S., and Chattopadhyay, A., “Growth of Tool Wear in Turning of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy under Cryogenic Cooling,” Wear, Vol. 262, No. 9, pp. 1071–1078, 2007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Kim, G. H., Yoon, G. S., Son, J. I., and Cho, M. W., “Investigation on the Effect of Low Temperature Micro Cutting Process for Mold Core Material,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 783–788, 2012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Hong, S. Y. and Ding, Y., “Cooling Approaches and Cutting Temperatures in Cryogenic Machining of Ti-6Al-4V,” International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, Vol. 41, No. 10, pp. 1417–1437, 2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Umbrello, D., Pu, Z., Caruso, S., Outeiro, J., Jayal, A., and et al., “The Effects of Cryogenic Cooling on Surface Integrity in Hard Machining,” Procedia Engineering, Vol. 19, pp. 371–376, 2011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Chryssolouris, G., Anifantis, N., and Karagiannis, S., “Laser Assisted Machining: an Overview,” Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Vol. 119, No. 4B, pp. 766–769, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Ding, X. Z., Samani, M., and Chen, G., “Thermal Conductivity of PVD TiAlN Films using Pulsed Photothermal Reflectance Technique,” Applied Physics A, Vol. 101, No. 3, pp. 573–577, 2010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Kim, K. S., Kim, J. H., Choi, J. Y., and Lee, C. M., “A Review on Research and Development of Laser Assisted Turning,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 753–759, 2011.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Jung, J. W., Choi, J. Y., and Lee, C. M., “A Study on Laser Assisted Machining using a Laser Area Analysis Method,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 329–332, 2013.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Park, K. H. and Kwon, P. Y., “Flank Wear of Multi-Layer Coated Tool and Wear Prediction Using Abrasion Wear Model,” Proc. of ASME International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference, pp. 331–340, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Dandekar, C. R., Shin, Y. C., and Barnes, J., “Machinability Improvement of Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) Via LAM and Hybrid Machining,” International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 174–182, 2010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Pusavec, F., Krajnik, P., and Kopac, J., “Transitioning to Sustainable Production-Part I: Application on Machining Technologies,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 174–184, 2010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Sun, S., Harris, J., and Brandt, M., “Parametric Investigation of Laser-Assisted Machining of Commercially Pure Titanium,” Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 10, No. 6, pp. 565–572, 2008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Zamani, H., Hermani, J. P., Sonderegger, B., and Sommitsch, C., “Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Laser Assisted Side Milling of Ti6Al4V Alloy,” Proc. of Materials Science & Technology Conference and Exhibition, pp. 1526–1533, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Sun, S., Brandt, M., Barnes, J. E., and Dargusch, M. S., “Investigation of the Cutting Forces and Tool Wear in Laser Assisted Milling of Ti6Al4V Alloy,” Proc. of the 36th International MATADOR Conference, Vol. 3, pp. 255–258, 2010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 35-3, Hongcheon-ri, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 331-825, South Korea

    Kyung-Hee Park, Gi-Dong Yang, Myung-Gyu Lee, Hoon Jeong, Seok-Woo Lee & Dong Yoon Lee

Authors
  1. Kyung-Hee Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gi-Dong Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Myung-Gyu Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hoon Jeong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Seok-Woo Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Dong Yoon Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dong Yoon Lee.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Park, KH., Yang, GD., Lee, MG. et al. Eco-friendly face milling of titanium alloy. Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf. 15, 1159–1164 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-014-0451-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-014-0451-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation