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An Estimation of Hydrometeorological Drought Stress over the Central Part of India using Geo-information Technology

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Abstract

Drought is a creeping natural hazard commencing from lack of rainfall and generally associated with various climatic aspects. Drought-related water deficiency has severe consequences upon environmental processes and socioeconomic activities. In the past few decades, a number of drought indices have been developed for assessing the extent, onset, duration and intensity of drought. The Bundelkhand region located in the central part of India has been affected by recurrent drought events during the past few decades. This study seeks to examine hydrometeorological drought stress of that area using remote sensing and meteorological indicators, i.e., standardized precipitation index (SPI), hydrology-based rainfall anomaly index (RAI) and standardized water-level index (SWI). Daily rainfall data from Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) were integrated with station-based groundwater datasets (1998–2015) to analyze the hydrometeorological drought condition of the area. In addition, groundwater datasets were used to evaluate the long-term hydrological drought situation and compared with meteorological drought indices. The study reveals a good agreement among all hydrometeorological drought indices distinctly in few years (2002 and 2013). However, the findings were not coherent in all years due to high rate of runoff and poor groundwater recharge. In spite of having normal rainfall, the undulating terrains of this rugged land confine the infiltration process and cause hydrological drought stress in several parts of the area.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge CHIRPS and TRMM for providing the gridded rainfall data required for successful completion of the research. We are also thankful to CGWB and WRIS (ISRO), Govt. of India for providing station-wise groundwater datasets.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. DST-Mahamana Centre of Excellence in Climate Change Research, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Arnab Kundu

  2. Department of Agriculture and Soil, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (ISRO), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    N. R. Patel

  3. Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India

    D. M. Denis

  4. Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India

    Dipanwita Dutta

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  1. Arnab Kundu
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Correspondence to Dipanwita Dutta.

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Kundu, A., Patel, N.R., Denis, D.M. et al. An Estimation of Hydrometeorological Drought Stress over the Central Part of India using Geo-information Technology. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 48, 1–9 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-019-01048-9

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