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Topography of Purkinje Cells and Other Calbindin-Immunoreactive Cells Within Adult and Hatchling Turtle Cerebellum

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Abstract

The turtle's cerebellum (Cb) is an unfoliated sheet, so the topography of its entire cortex can be easily studied physiologically by optical recordings. However, unlike the mammalian Cb, little is known about the topography of turtle Purkinje cells (PCs). Here, topography was examined using calbindin-D28K immunohistochemistry of adult and hatchling turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans, 2.5–15 cm carapace length). Each Cb was flattened between two Sylgard sheets and fixed in paraformaldehyde. Sections (52 µm thick) were cut parallel to the flattened cortex (tangential), resulting in calbindin-immunolabeled PCs being localized to three to six sections for each turtle. PC position and size were quantified using Neurolucida Image Analysis system. Although hatchling Cb were medial-laterally narrower (3.0 vs. 6.5 mm) and rostral-caudally shorter (2.5 vs. 5.5 mm) than adult Cb, both averaged near 15,000 PCs distributed uniformly. Hatchling PCs were smaller than adult PCs (178 vs. 551 µm2) and more densely packed (2,180 vs. 625 cells/mm2). Calbindin immunoreactivity also labeled non-PCs along the Cb's marginal rim and its caudal pole. Many of these were very small (22.9 µm2) ovoid-shaped cells clustered together, possibly proliferating external granule layer cells. Other labeled cells were larger and fusiform-shaped (12.6 × 33.4 µm) adjacent to inner granule cells along the marginal rim, suggestive of migrating cells. It is not known whether these are new neurons being generated within the adult and hatchling Cb and if they connect to efferent and afferent paths. Based on these anatomical findings, we suggest that unique physiological features may exist along the rim of the turtle Cb.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. John Martin for his help with the Neurolucida system and for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by grant NS-46499 from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacological & Physiological Science, Saint Louis University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA

    Michael Ariel

  2. Center for Anatomical Sciences and Education, Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA

    Michael Ariel, Kyle C. Ward & Daniel L. Tolbert

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  1. Michael Ariel
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Correspondence to Michael Ariel.

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Ariel, M., Ward, K.C. & Tolbert, D.L. Topography of Purkinje Cells and Other Calbindin-Immunoreactive Cells Within Adult and Hatchling Turtle Cerebellum. Cerebellum 8, 463–476 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-009-0123-7

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