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Physiological characterization and allelic diversity of selected drought tolerant traditional rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces of Koraput, India

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Abstract

Water-deficit stress tolerance in rice is important for maintaining stable yield, especially under rain-fed ecosystem. After a thorough drought-tolerance screening of more than 130 rice genotypes from various regions of Koraput in our previous study, six rice landraces were selected for drought tolerance capacity. These six rice landraces were further used for detailed physiological and molecular assessment under control and simulated drought stress conditions. After imposing various levels of drought stress, leaf photosynthetic rate (PN), photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), SPAD chlorophyll index, membrane stability index and relative water content were found comparable with the drought-tolerant check variety (N22). Compared to the drought-susceptible variety IR64, significant positive attributes and varietal differences were observed for all the above physiological parameters in drought-tolerant landraces. Genetic diversity among the studied rice landraces was assessed using 19 previously reported drought tolerance trait linked SSR markers. A total of 50 alleles with an average of 2.6 per locus were detected at the loci of the 19 markers across studied rice genotypes. The Nei’s genetic diversity (He) and the polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.0 to 0.767 and 0.0 to 0.718, respectively. Seven SSR loci, such as RM324, RM19367, RM72, RM246, RM3549, RM566 and RM515, showed the highest PIC values and are thus, useful in assessing the genetic diversity of studied rice lines for drought tolerance. Based on the result, two rice landraces (Pandkagura and Mugudi) showed the highest similarity index with tolerant check variety. However, three rice landraces (Kalajeera, Machhakanta and Haldichudi) are more diverse and showed highest genetic distance with N22. These landraces can be considered as the potential genetic resources for drought breeding program.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Science and Technology Department, Govt. of Odisha [Ref. No. 3340 (Sanc.)/ST/22.06.17] for financial support and University Grants Commission, New Delhi, Govt. of India for providing Non-NET Fellowship. The authors are grateful to Head, Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources for providing necessary facilities for the work. The Regional Director, MS Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), Jeypore, Odisha and the Director, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha are highly acknowledged for providing the rice seeds for the experiment.

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  1. Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Orissa, Koraput, Odisha, 764 021, India

    Swati S. Mishra, Prafulla K. Behera & Debabrata Panda

  2. ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Vajinder Kumar

  3. TERI, Deakin NanoBiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, 122 001, India

    Sangram K. Lenka

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  1. Swati S. Mishra
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SSM and DP designed the experiments, cultivated the plants. SSM and PB performed the measurement of physiological traits. VK and SKL performed the molecular analysis. DP analyzed the data and wrote the paper. All authors read and provided helpful discussions for the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Debabrata Panda.

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Mishra, S.S., Behera, P.K., Kumar, V. et al. Physiological characterization and allelic diversity of selected drought tolerant traditional rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces of Koraput, India. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 24, 1035–1046 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-018-0606-4

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