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Role of Oncofetal Protein CR-1 as a Potential Tumor Marker for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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Abstract

Cripto-1 (CR-1) is an oncofetal protein with its role as a key factor in early process of carcinoma has been evaluated in cases of various cancers. However, very few studies have reported its role in oral cancer, which is the sixth most common cancer around the world, particularly with high prevalence in developing countries. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most predominant (90%) of all the histological types of oral cancer. Late detection, associated with increased morbidity and mortality, is mainly attributed to non-availability of a suitable biomarker for the disease. In the present pilot study, we have evaluated the role of soluble CR-1, in serum as a potential tumor marker for OSCC. CR-1 was estimated using sandwich ELISA in serum samples of 50 biopsy proven OSCC patients (pre and post treatment) along with age and gender matched healthy controls. Immunohistochemistry was also done in corresponding tumor tissue sections to check the expression of CR-1. Pre-treatment CR-1 was found to be 2.25-fold higher in serum of OSCC patients as compared to control (p < 0.0001***), which was reduced to 1.6 folds post treatment (p = 0.0006***). CR-1 levels were comparatively higher in early stage of disease. Upon IHC 80% of the cases were found to be positive for CR-1. This study provides evidence that serum levels of CR-1 are elevated in patients of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, which decrease post treatment. Also, the association of expression of protein with tumor progression predicts CR-1 as a molecule that can be further evaluated as a potential tumor maker in OSCC.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Department of Biotechnology (DBT), New Delhi, India under the RGYI scheme (BT/PR6139/GBD/27/366/2012) and Intramural Research Grant (Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research-71/4-Edu/11/1537). We are also thankful to Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi for providing fellowship to RT [3/1/3JRF-HRD-131 (10709)] and AJ [3/1/3JRF-HRD-22 (10519)].

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Author notes

  1. Anu Jain and Sumanth Kumar Mallupattu have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India

    Anu Jain, Reetu Thakur & Arnab Pal

  2. Department of Radiotherapy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India

    Sumanth Kumar Mallupattu & Sushmita Ghoshal

  3. Department of Otolaryngology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India

    Satyawati Mohindra

  4. Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India

    Amanjit Bal & Ashim Das

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  1. Anu Jain
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Correspondence to Arnab Pal.

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The study was approved by Institutional Ethics Committee (PGIMER, Chandigarh). The study subjects were enrolled after obtaining written informed consent form.

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Jain, A., Mallupattu, S.K., Thakur, R. et al. Role of Oncofetal Protein CR-1 as a Potential Tumor Marker for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ind J Clin Biochem 36, 288–295 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-020-00898-2

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