Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Role of LCAT and Apo A-I in Newly Diagnosed HIV Patients

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a growing concern for health workers. The two major components of dyslipidemia in HIV infected patients are hypertriglyceridemia and decreased levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) which contribute to increased atherosclerotic risk. The study included 150 newly diagnosed HIV patients and 150 healthy controls. In all these cases Lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activity was assessed by measuring the difference between esterified and free cholesterol by digitonin precipitation method and levels of Apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) were measured by immunoturbidimetric method. There was a significantly decreased LCAT activity (p < 0.05) as well as reduced levels of apo A-I (p < 0.05) in newly diagnosed HIV patients (54.98 ± 3.44 IU/L and 131.85 ± 8.49 mg/dl) when compared with healthy controls (88.17 ± 14.36 IU/L and 187.05 ± 35.25 mg/dL). A significant positive correlation (r = 0.7406) was found between LCAT activity and apo A-I levels. In conclusion decreased LCAT activity and decreased levels of apo A-I reduce the reverse cholesterol transport in newly diagnosed HIV patients which may lead to atherosclerosis in the future.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. UNAIDS. Report on the global AIDS epidemic 2014. Available at http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/campaigns/World-AIDS-Day-Report-2014/factsheet.

  2. Garg S, Singh R. Getting to zero: possibility or propaganda? Indian J Sex Transm Dis. 2013;34:1–4.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Fauci AS. The AIDS epidemic-considerations for the 21st century. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1046–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Palella FJ Jr, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, Loveless MO, Fuhrer J, Satten GA, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1998;338(13):853–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Sprinz E, Lazzaretti RK, Kuhmmer R, Ribeiro JP. Dyslipidemia in HIV infected individuals. Braz J Infect Dis. 2010;14(6):575–88.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Francesehini G, Maderna P, Sirtori CR. Reverse cholesterol transport: physiology and pharmacology. Atherosclerosis. 1991;88:99–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Krimbou L, Marcil M, Davignon J, Genest J. Interaction of LCAT alpha 2-macroglobulin complex with low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. Evidence for an alpha 2-macroglobulin/LRP receptor-mediated system participating in LCAT clearance. J Biol Chem. 2001;276(35):33241–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Kwiterovich PO. The anti atherogenic role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82:13–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Gowland E. Lipids and lipoproteins. In: Varley’s practical clinical biochemistry. 4th edn. New Dehli. CBS; 2005;311–13.

  10. Nader Rifai, Russell Warnick G. Lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, and other cardiovascular risk factors In: Teitz textbook of clinical and molecular diagnostics. 4th edn. Philadelpia; W.B.Saunders. 2006; 955–60.

  11. Barbaro G. Cardiovascular manifestations of HIV infection. Circulation. 2002;106:1420–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. El-Sadr WM, Mullin CM, Carr A, Gibert C, Rappoport C, Visnegarwala F, et al. Effects of HIV disease on lipid, glucose and insulin levels: results from a large antiretroviral-naive cohort. HIV Med. 2005;6:114–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Escaut L, Monsuez JJ, Chironi G, Merad M, Teicher E, Smadja D, et al. Coronary artery disease in HIV infected patients. Intensive Care Med. 2003;29:969–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Hsue PY, Lo JC, Franklin A, Bolger AF, Martin JN, Deeks SG, et al. Progression of atherosclerosis as assessed by carotid intima-media thickness in patients with HIV infection. Circulation. 2004;109:1603–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Blum A, Hadas V, Burke M, Yust I, Kessler A. Viral load of the human immunodeficiency virus could be an independent risk factor for endothelial dysfunction. Clin Cardiol. 2005;28:149–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Grunfeld C, Kotler DP, Hamadeh R, Tierney A, Wang J, Pierson RN. Hypertriglyceridemia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Med. 1989;86(1):27–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Penzak SR, Chuck SK. Hyperlipidemia associated with HIV protease inhibitor use: pathophysiology, prevalence, risk factors and treatment. Scand J Infect Dis. 2000;32(2):111–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Rose H, Woolley I, Hoy J, Dart A, Bryant B, Mijch A, et al. HIV infection and high density lipoprotein: the effect of the disease vs the effect of treatment. Metabolism. 2006;55(1):90–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Howard BV, Knowler WC, Vasquez B, Kennedy AL, Pettitt DJ, Bennett PH. Plasma and lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride in the Pima Indian population. Comparison of diabetics and non diabetics. Arteriosclerosis. 1984;4(5):462–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Crook MA, Mir N. Abnormal lipids and the acquired immune deficient syndrome is there a problem and what should we do about it. Intl J STD AIDS. 1999;10(6):353–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Greene DJ, Skeggs JW, Morton RE. Elevated triglyceride content diminishes the capacity of high density lipoprotein to deliver cholesteryl esters via the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). J Biol Chem. 2001;276:4804–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Moore RE, Kawashiri MA, Kitajima K, Secreto A, Millar JS, Pratico D. Apolipoprotein A-I deficiency results in markedly increased atherosclerosis in mice lacking the LDL receptor. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003;23:1914–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Stein TP, Nutinsky C, Conduluci D, Schulter MD, Leskiw MJ. Protein and substrate metabolism in AIDS patients. Metabolism. 1990;39(8):876–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Baker JV, Neuhaus J, Duprez D, Cooper DA, Hoy J, Kuller L, et al. Inflammation predicts changes in high-density lipoprotein particles and apolipoprotein A1 following initiation of antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2011;25(17):2133–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Grunfeld C, Pang M, Doerrler W, Shigenaga JK, Jensen P. Lipids, lipoproteins, triglyceride clearance, and cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992;74:1045–52.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their sincere thanks and gratitude to all the participants involved in the study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shashikant Nikam.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mirajkar, A., Nikam, S., Nikam, P. et al. Role of LCAT and Apo A-I in Newly Diagnosed HIV Patients. Ind J Clin Biochem 32, 459–463 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-016-0631-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-016-0631-4

Keywords

Navigation