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Metabolite profiling of enzymatically hydrolyzed and fermented forms of Opuntia ficus-indica and their effect on UVB-induced skin photoaging

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Abstract

Fermentation of natural products is emerging as an important processing method and is attracting a lot of attention because it may have the advantage of having a new biological function. In this study, fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica were enzymatically hydrolyzed and then fermented with two species of yeast. We identified novel prominent markers in enzymatically hydrolyzed O. ficus-indica (EO) and fermented O. ficus-indica (FO) samples by using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We also evaluated the effect of EO and FO on photoaging of skin cells exposed to ultraviolet radiation. We identified the major fermented metabolite in the FO as ferulic acid. Our in vitro study indicated that FO significantly enhanced the concentration of pro-collagen type 1 than the EO, by increasing the TGF-β1 production.

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Abbreviations

DMEM:

Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulphoxide

EO:

Enzymatic hydrolyzed O. ficus-indica

FO:

Fermented O. ficus-indica

HPLC–PDA:

High performance liquid chromatography–photo diode array

NHDF:

Normal human dermal fibroblast

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MTT:

[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2 yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide]

OPLS-DA:

Orthogonal partial least squared-discriminant analysis

PBS:

Phosphate-buffered saline

PCA:

Principle component analysis

TGF-β1:

Transforming growth factor beta 1

UPLC–QTOF:

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the financial support (Cosmetic Enterprise Upgrade & Globalization project; R0000452) provided by the Skin Biotechnology Center of Kyung-ghee University Research and Institute for Industry Cooperation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sempio Fermentation Research Center, #183 Osongsaengmyeong 4ro, Osongeup, Cheongwongun, Chungcheongbukdo, 363-954, South Korea

    Dong-Woon Cho, Dae-Eung Kim, Dae-Hee Lee, Kyung-Hoon Jung & Byung-Serk Hurh

  2. College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Inchon, 406-799, South Korea

    Sun Yeou Kim

  3. Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, #191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Inchon, 406-799, South Korea

    Sun Yeou Kim

  4. Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, #1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Republic of Korea

    Dong-Woon Cho & Oh Wook Kwon

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  1. Dong-Woon Cho
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Correspondence to Sun Yeou Kim.

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Cho, DW., Kim, DE., Lee, DH. et al. Metabolite profiling of enzymatically hydrolyzed and fermented forms of Opuntia ficus-indica and their effect on UVB-induced skin photoaging. Arch. Pharm. Res. 37, 1159–1168 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-013-0320-2

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