Abstract
The use of intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) in congenital heart disease has become well established over the past 7 years since its introduction into clinical imaging. The greatest experience has been to guide percutaneous device closures of secundum atrial septal defects and patent foramen ovale, with excellent safety and clinical results. However, ICE has also been used for the evaluation and management of many other congenital heart defects given its unique blood/transducer interface and close proximity to relevant cardiac anatomy. Clinical application of ICE is expanding, with the current ICE catheters being used as micro-transesophageal echo probes, and three-dimensional prototypes already developed and tested in animal models. It is expected that ICE will further increase in use with refinements in technology and greater operator experience, aiding the management of complex congenital heart disease.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alboliras, E. T., & Hijazi, Z. M. (2004). Comparison of costs of intracardiac echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography in monitoring percutaneous device closure of atrial septal defect in children and adults. American Journal of Cardiology, 94, 690–692.
Aleong, R., Heist, E. K., Ruskin, J. N., & Mansour, M. (2008). Integration of intracardiac echocardiography with magnetic resonance imaging allows visualization of the esophagus during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 5, 1088.
Bartel, T., Konorza, T., Arjumand, J., Ebradlidze, T., Eggebrecht, H., Caspari, G., Neudorf, U., & Erbel, R. (2003). Intracardiac echocardiography is superior to conventional monitoring for guiding device closure of interatrial communications. Circulation, 107, 795–797.
Bartel, T., Konorza, T., Neudorf, U., Ebralize, T., Eggebrecht, H., Gutersohn, A., & Erbel, R. (2005). Intracardiac echocardiography: an ideal guiding tool for device closure of interatrial communications. European Journal of Echocardiography, 6, 92–96.
Boccalandro, F., Baptista, E., Muench, A., Carter, C., & Smalling, R. W. (2004). Comparison of intracardiac echocardiography versus transesophageal echocardiography guidance for percutaneous transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect. American Journal of Cardiology, 93, 437–440.
Brosnan, R. B., Crowley, A. L., Russo, C. A., & Jollis, J. G. (2005). Transesophageal assessment of left atrial thrombus using a 3.3-mm monoplane probe. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 18, 1381–1384.
Bruce, C. J., Nishimura, R. A., Rihal, C. S., Hagler, D. J., Higano, S. T., Seward, J. B., & Holmes, D. R. (2002a). Intracardiac echocardiography in the interventional catheterization laboratory: preliminary experience with a novel, phased-array transducer. American Journal of Cardiology, 89, 635–640.
Bruce, C. J., O'Leary, P., Hagler, D. J., Seward, J. B., & Cabalka, A. K. (2002b). Miniaturized transesophageal echocardiography in newborn infants. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 15, 791–797.
Bruce, C. J., Packer, D. L., O'Leary, P. W., & Seward, J. B. (1999). Feasibility study: transesophageal echocardiography with a 10F (3.2-mm), multifrequency (5.5- to 10-MHz) ultrasound catheter in a small rabbit model. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 12, 596–600.
Burstow, D. J., West, M. L., & Walters, D. L. (2006). Intracardiac echo guided valvuloplasty of a stenotic tricuspid prosthetic valve in a patient with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. Echocardiography, 23, 324–328.
Cao, Q. L., Zabal, C., Koenig, P., Sandhu, S., & Hijazi, Z. M. (2005). Initial clinical experience with intracardiac echocardiography in guiding transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects: feasibility and comparison with transesophageal echocardiography. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, 66, 258–267.
Chessa, M., Butera, G., & Carminati, M. (2008). Intracardiac echocardiography during percutaneous pulmonary valve replacement. European Heart Journal, 29(33), 2908.
Daccarett, M., Segerson, N. M., Gunther, J., Nolker, G., Gutleben, K., Brachmann, J., & Marrouche, N. F. (2007). Blinded correlation study of three-dimensional electro-anatomical image integration and phased array intra-cardiac echocardiography for left atrial mapping. Europace, 9, 923–926.
den Uijl, D. W., Tops, L. F., Tolosana, J. M., Schuijf, J. D., Trines, S. A., Zeppenfeld, K., Bax, J. J., & Schalij, M. J. (2008). Real-time integration of intracardiac echocardiography and multislice computed tomography to guide radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 5(10), 1403–1410.
Drinker, L. R., Camitta, M. G., Herlong, J. R., Miller, S., Lodge, A. J., Jaggers, J., & Barker, P. C. (2008). Use of the monoplane intracardiac imaging probe in high-risk infants during congenital heart surgery. Echocardiography, 25(9), 999–1003.
Earing, M. G., Cabalka, A. K., Seward, J. B., Bruce, C. J., Reeder, G. S., & Hagler, D. J. (2004). Intracardiac echocardiographic guidance during transcatheter device closure of atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 79, 24–34.
Gao, Z., Li, J., Kehoe, V., Davidson Jr., W. R., Sinoway, L., & Pu, M. (2005). An initial application of transesophageal Doppler echocardiography in experimental small animal models. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 18, 626–631.
Gentry, K. L., & Smith, S. W. (2004). Integrated catheter for 3-D intracardiac echocardiography and ultrasound ablation. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 51, 800–808.
Greco, C., Chiavari, P. A., Campolongo, G., Mariani, S., Messa, F., Tallarico, D., Schiariti, M., Gonnella, C., & Gaudio, C. (2008). Transnasal transesophageal echocardiography: a new approach for the PFO occlusion in awake patients. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, 72, 538–541.
Hijazi, Z., Wang, Z., Cao, Q., Koenig, P., Waight, D., & Lang, R. (2001). Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects and patent foramen ovale under intracardiac echocardiographic guidance: feasibility and comparison with transesophageal echocardiography. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, 52, 194–199.
Horowitz, B. N., Vaseghi, M., Mahajan, A., Cesario, D. A., Buch, E., Valderrabano, M., Boyle, N. G., Ellenbogen, K. A., & Shivkumar, K. (2006). Percutaneous intrapericardial echocardiography during catheter ablation: a feasibility study. Heart Rhythm, 3, 1275–1282.
Khaykin, Y., Klemm, O., & Verma, A. (2008). First human experience with real-time integration of intracardiac echocardiography and 3D electroanatomical imaging to guide right free wall accessory pathway ablation. Europace, 10, 116–117.
Knackstedt, C., Franke, A., Mischke, K., Zarse, M., Gramley, F., Schimpf, T., Plisiene, J., Muehlenbruch, G., Spuentrup, E., Ernst, S., et al. (2006). Semi-automated 3-dimensional intracardiac echocardiography: development and initial clinical experience of a new system to guide ablation procedures. Heart Rhythm, 3, 1453–1459.
Koenig, P., Cao, Q. L., Heitschmidt, M., Waight, D. J., & Hijazi, Z. M. (2003). Role of intracardiac echocardiographic guidance in transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects and patent foramen ovale using the Amplatzer device. Journal of Interventional Cardiology, 16, 51–62.
Lee, W., Idriss, S. F., Wolf, P. D., & Smith, S. W. (2003). Dual lumen transducer probes for real-time 3-D interventional cardiac ultrasound. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 29, 1297–1304.
Lee, W., Idriss, S. F., Wolf, P. D., & Smith, S. W. (2004). A miniaturized catheter 2-D array for real-time, 3-D intracardiac echocardiography. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 51, 1334–1346.
Light, E. D., & Smith, S. W. (2004). Two dimensional arrays for real time 3D intravascular ultrasound. Ultrasonic Imaging, 26, 115–128.
Lu, L., Ko, E., Schwartz, G. G., & Chou, T. M. (1997). Transesophageal echocardiography in rats using an intravascular ultrasound catheter. American Journal of Physiology, 273, H2078–2082.
Luxenberg, D. M., Silvestry, F. E., Herrmann, H. C., Cao, Q. L., Rohatgi, S., & Hijazi, Z. M. (2005). Use of a new 8 French intracardiac echocardiographic catheter to guide device closure of atrial septal defects and patent foramen ovale in small children and adults: initial clinical experience. Journal of Invasive Cardiology, 17, 540–545.
Mullen, M. J., Dias, B. F., Walker, F., Siu, S. C., Benson, L. N., & McLaughlin, P. R. (2003). Intracardiac echocardiography guided device closure of atrial septal defects. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 41, 285–292.
Nazarian, S., Knight, B. P., Dickfeld, T. L., Zviman, M. M., Jayanti, V. B., Amundson, D., Hanlin, J., Castleberry, J., Smith, M. F., Blankenship, L., et al. (2005). Direct visualization of coronary sinus ostium and branches with a flexible steerable fiberoptic infrared endoscope. Heart Rhythm, 2, 844–848.
Okumura, Y., Watanabe, I., Ashino, S., Kofune, M., Ohkubo, K., Takagi, Y., Kawauchi, K., Yamada, T., Hashimoto, K., Shindo, A., et al. (2007). Electrophysiologic and anatomical characteristics of the right atrial posterior wall in patients with and without atrial flutter: analysis by intracardiac echocardiography. Circulation Journal, 71, 636–642.
Orsini, A. N., Kolias, T. J., Strelich, K. R., & Armstrong, W. F. (2003). Feasibility of transesophageal echocardiography with a ten-French monoplane probe. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 16, 682–687.
Park, S. W., Gwon, H. C., Jeong, J. O., Byun, J., Kang, H. S., You, J. R., Cho, S. S., Lee, M. J., Lee, Y., Kim, S., et al. (2001). Intracardiac echocardiographic guidance and monitoring during percutaneous endomyocardial gene injection in porcine heart. Human Gene Therapy, 12, 893–903.
Patel, A., Cao, Q. L., Koenig, P. R., & Hijazi, Z. M. (2006). Intracardiac echocardiography to guide closure of atrial septal defects in children less than 15 kilograms. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, 68, 287–291.
Rhodes Jr., J. F., Qureshi, A. M., Preminger, T. J., Tuzcu, E. M., Casserly, I. P., Dauterman, K. W., Prieto, L. R., Mesia, C. I., Lane, G. K., Radvansky, P. A., et al. (2003). Intracardiac echocardiography during transcatheter interventions for congenital heart disease. American Journal of Cardiology, 92, 1482–1484.
Rigatelli, G., Cardaioli, P., Braggion, G., Aggio, S., Giordan, M., Magro, B., Nascimben, A., Favaro, A., & Roncon, L. (2007). Transesophageal echocardiography and intracardiac echocardiography differently predict potential technical challenges or failures of interatrial shunts catheter-based closure. Journal of Interventional Cardiology, 20, 77–81.
Salem, M. I., Makaryus, A. N., Kort, S., Chung, E., Marchant, D., Ong, L., & Mangion, J. (2002). Intracardiac echocardiography using the AcuNav ultrasound catheter during percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 15, 1533–1537.
Sheikh, I., Kumar, D., Liu, Z., Kantharia, B., MacMillan, R., Fyfe, B. S., Narula, J., & Vannan, M. (2003). Novel uses of intracardiac echocardiography with a phased-array imaging catheter. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 16, 1073–1077.
Smith, S. W., Light, E. D., Idriss, S. F., & Wolf, P. D. (2002). Feasibility study of real-time three-dimensional intracardiac echocardiography for guidance of interventional electrophysiology. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 25, 351–357.
Sze, D. Y., Lee, D. P., Hofmann, L. V., & Petersen, B. (2008). Biopsy of cardiac masses using a stabilized intracardiac echocardiography-guided system. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 19(11), 1662–1667.
Szili-Torok, T., Kimman, G. J., Scholten, M. F., Ligthart, J., Bruining, N., Theuns, D. A., Klootwijk, P. J., Roelandt, J. R., & Jordaens, L. J. (2002). Interatrial septum pacing guided by three-dimensional intracardiac echocardiography. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 40, 2139–2143.
Vasilyev, N. V., Martinez, J. F., Freudenthal, F. P., Suematsu, Y., Marx, G. R., & del Nido, P. J. (2006). Three-dimensional echo and videocardioscopy-guided atrial septal defect closure. Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 82, 1322–1326; discussion 1326.
Yeh, D. T., Oralkan, O., Wygant, I. O., O'Donnell, M., & Khuri-Yakub, B. T. (2006). 3-D ultrasound imaging using a forward-looking CMUT ring array for intravascular/intracardiac applications. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 53, 1202–1211.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Barker, P.C.A. Intracardiac Echocardiography in Congenital Heart Disease. J. of Cardiovasc. Trans. Res. 2, 19–23 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12265-009-9088-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12265-009-9088-7