Skip to main content
Log in

Modelling of state-dependent multirate systems carrying BPP traffic

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
annals of telecommunications - annales des télécommunications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents a simple approximate calculation methodology of the occupancy distribution and the blocking probability in state-dependent systems with multirate Binomial–Poisson–Pascal traffic. The particular traffic streams are generated by an infinite, as well as by a finite, population of traffic sources. The proposed methodology is based on the generalized Kaufman–Roberts recursion. The model enables calculations to be carried out for the systems in which accepting a new call depends on an admission control algorithm (e.g., a model of a full-availability group with bandwidth reservation) as well as for those systems in which accepting a new call depends on the structure of a system (e.g., a model of a limited-availability group). The results of the analytical calculations have been compared with the simulation results of exemplary state-dependent systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. In all of the models listed above, “state dependance” results from the specific features of the servicing system. Additionally, the term “state-dependent system” is also used for the systems in which state dependance results from the specific features of traffic sources, i.e., in the case of limited number of traffic sources.

  2. In the paper, it is assumed that the letter “i” denotes a Poisson (Erlang) traffic class, the letter “j” a Binomial (Engset) traffic class, the letter “k” a Pascal traffic class, and the letter “c” an arbitrary traffic class, (c = i|j|k).

  3. Full-availability group is a model of a single link with complete sharing policy. This is an example of state-independent system that can be modeled by GKRR with σ c (n) = 1 for c = 1, 2, ..., M 1 + M 2 + M 3.

References

  1. Aein JM (1978) A multi-user-class, blocked-calls-cleared, demand access model. IEEE Trans Commun COM-26(3):378–385

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Beshai M, Manfield D (1988) Multichannel services performance of switching networks. In: Proceedings of 12th international teletraffic congress. Elsevier, Torino, pp 857–864

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bziuk W (2002) Approximate state probabilities in large shared multi-rate loss systems with an application to trunk reservation. In: Proceedings of 2nd Polish-German teletraffic symposium (9th Polish teletraffic symposium), Gdañsk, 23–24 September 2002, pp 145–152

  4. Choudhury G, Leung K, Whitt W (1995) An inversion algorithm to compute blocking probabilities in loss networks with state-dependent rates. IEEE/ACM Trans Netw 3(5):585–601

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Conradt J, Buchheister A (1985) Considerations on loss probability of multi-slot connections. In: Proceedings of 11th international teletraffic congress, Kyoto, September 1985, pp 4.4B–2.1

  6. Delbrouck L (1983) On the steady-state distribution in a service facility carrying mixtures of traffic with different peakedness factors and capacity requirements. IEEE Trans Commun 31(11):1209–1211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Gimpelson L (1953) Analysis of mixtures of wide and narrow-band traffic. IEEE Trans Commun Technol 13(3):258–266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Głąbowski M, Stasiak M (2004) An approximate model of the full-availability group with multi-rate traffic and a finite source population. In: Buchholtz P, Lehnert R, Pióro M (eds) Proceedings of 3rd Polish-German teletraffic symposium. VDE Verlag, Dresden, pp 195–204

    Google Scholar 

  9. Głąbowski M, Stasiak M (2004) Generalised model of the limited-availability group with finite source population. In: Kouvatsos D (ed) Proceedings of 2nd international working conference on performance modelling and evaluation of heterogeneous networks (HET-NETs). Networks UK, Ilkley, pp 40/1–40/10

    Google Scholar 

  10. Głąbowski M, Stasiak M (2004) Multi-rate model of the group of separated transmission links of various capacities. In: Dini P, Lorenz P, de Souza JN (eds) Proceedings of IEEE international conference on telecommunication. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 3124. Springer, Fortaleza, pp 1101–1106

    Google Scholar 

  11. Głąbowski M, Kaliszan A, Stasiak M (2006) Asymmetric convolution algorithm for full-availability group with bandwidth reservation. In: Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific conference on communications, Busan, 8 August–2 September 2006, doi:10.1109/APCC.2006.255768

  12. Hartmann HL, Knoke M (2003) The one-level functional equation of multi-rate loss systems. Eur Trans Telecommun 14(2):107–118

    Google Scholar 

  13. He Z, Zhang Q, Iversen VB (2006) Trunk reservation in multi-service networks with BPP traffic. In: García-Vidal J, Cerdà L (eds) EuroNGI workshop. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 4396. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 200–212

    Google Scholar 

  14. Iversen V (1987) The exact evaluation of multi-service loss systems with access control. In: Seventh Nordic teletraffic seminar (NTS-7), Lund, 25–27 August 1987, pp 56–61

  15. Kallos GA, Vassilakis VG, Moscholios ID, Logothetis MD (2006) Performance modelling of W-CDMA networks supporting elastic and adaptive trafic. In: Proc. 4th international working conference on performance modelling and evaluation of heterogeneous networks (HET-NETs ’06), Ilkley, 11–13 September 2006

  16. Kaufman J (1981) Blocking in a shared resource environment. IEEE Trans Commun 29(10):1474–1481

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kelly F (1991) Loss networks. Ann Appl Probab 1(3):319–378

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. Kogan Y, Shenfild M (1994) Asymptotic solution of generalized multiclass Engset model. In: Labetoulle J, Roberts J (eds) Proceedings of 14th international teletraffic congress, vol 1b. Elsevier, Antibes Juan-les-Pins, pp 1239–1249

    Google Scholar 

  19. Moscholios I, Logothetis M, Kokkinakis G (2002) Connection-dependent threshold model: a generalization of the Erlang multiple rate loss model. J Perform Evaluation 48(1–4):177–200

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Roberts J (1981) A service system with heterogeneous user requirements—application to multi-service telecommunications systems. In: Pujolle G (ed) Proceedings of performance of data communications systems and their applications. North Holland, Amsterdam, pp 423–431

    Google Scholar 

  21. Roberts J (1983) Teletraffic models for the Telcom 1 integrated services network. In: Proceedings of 10th international teletraffic congress, Montreal, 9–15 June 1983, p 1.1.24

  22. Roberts J, Mocci V, Virtamo I (eds) (1996) Broadband network teletraffic, final report of action COST 242. Commission of the European Communities. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  23. Staehle D, Mäder A (2003) An analytic approximation of the uplink capacity in a UMTS network with heterogeneous traffic. In: 18th international teletraffic congress (ITC18), Berlin, 31 August–5 September 2003, pp 81–91

  24. Stasiak M (1993) Blocking probability in a limited-availability group carrying mixture of different multichannel traffic streams. Ann Telecommun 48(1–2):71–76

    Google Scholar 

  25. Stasiak M, Głąbowski M (2000) A simple approximation of the link model with reservation by a one-dimensional Markov chain. J Perform Evaluation 41(2–3):195–208

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  26. Tran-Gia P, Hubner F (1993) An analysis of trunk reservation and grade of service balancing mechanisms in multiservice broadband networks. In: IFIP workshop TC6, modelling and performance evaluation of ATM technology, p paper 2.1, La Martinique, January 1993

  27. Ziram A, Beylot AL, Becker M (1998) Using an aggregation method for the multiple ressource sharing problem in a multiservice environment. In: 6th international conference on telecommunication systems: modelling and analysis, Nashville, 5–8 March 1998, pp 176–182

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mariusz Głąbowski.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Głąbowski, M. Modelling of state-dependent multirate systems carrying BPP traffic. Ann. Telecommun. 63, 393–407 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12243-008-0034-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12243-008-0034-5

Keywords

Navigation