Abstract
The effects of split injection, oxygen enriched air, and heavy exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on soot emissions in a direct injection diesel engine were studied using the KIVA-3V code. When split injection is applied, the second injection of fuel into a cylinder results in two separate stoichiometric zones, which helps soot oxidation. As a result, soot emissions are decreased. When oxygen enriched air is applied together with split injection, a higher concentration of oxygen causes higher temperatures in the cylinder. The increase in temperature promotes the growth reaction of acetylene with soot. However, it does not improve acetylene formation during the second injection of fuel. As more acetylene is consumed in the growth reaction with soot, the concentration of acetylene in the cylinder is decreased, which leads to a decrease in soot formation and thus soot emissions. A combination of split injection, a high concentration of oxygen, and a high EGR ratio shows the best results in terms of diesel emissions. In this paper, the split injection scheme of 75.8.25, in which 75% of total fuel is injected in the first pulse, followed by 8°CA of dwell time, and 25% of fuel is injected in the second pulse, with an oxygen concentration of 23% in volume and an EGR ratio of 30% shows a 45% reduction in soot emissions, with the same NOx emissions as in single injection.
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Abbreviations
- k :
-
turbulent kinetic energy [m2/s2]
- k A :
-
rate constants in the NSC soot oxidation model [g/cm2 s atm]
- k B :
-
rate constants in the NSC soot oxidation model [g/cm2 s atm]
- k Z :
-
rate constants in the NSC soot oxidation model [1/atm]
- MW :
-
molecular weight [g/mol]
- N :
-
soot number density [# /cm3]
- N A :
-
Avogadro number [6.022×1023 # /mol]
- r :
-
reaction rate [1/s]
- R :
-
universal gas constant [1.9858×10−3 kcal/mol.K]
- S :
-
total soot surface area per unit volume [cm2/cm3]
- x A :
-
fraction of the surface occupied by A sites in the NSC model [−]
- β :
-
coagulation constant [−]
- ɛ :
-
turbulent dissipation rate [m2/s3]
- kin :
-
kinetic
- mix :
-
turbulent mixing
- F :
-
fuel
- PR :
-
precursor
- SAT :
-
saturation
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Nguyen, L.D.K., Sung, N.W., Lee, S.S. et al. Effects of split injection, oxygen enriched air and heavy EGR on soot emissions in a diesel engine. Int.J Automot. Technol. 12, 339–350 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-011-0040-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-011-0040-x