Abstract
To determine how soil type, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) treatment, and storage affects color and anthocyanin accumulation of Red Norland potatoes, tubers were grown in sand or peat, with or without 2,4-D treatment, and measured at vine kill, harvest or after storage. Tubers grown in sand were less red and accumulated fewer anthocyanins than tubers grown in peat. 2,4-D treatment increased redness regardless of soil type. Redness loss varied greatly among tubers with storage. Tubers that lost color with storage had a two-fold reduction in anthocyanins, and a two-fold increase in benzoic and cinnamic acids compared to harvest, indicating chemical degradation of anthocyanidins via B-ring cleavage and autoxidation. Sand-grown potatoes did not exhibit greater cinnamic acids compared to peat-grown potatoes, suggesting that their color differences were due more to differences in biosynthesis than degradation during skin set. To improve Red Norland tuber color, research should focus on increasing biosynthesis of anthocyanins.
Resumen
Para determinar la influencia del tipo de suelo, el tratamiento con el ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D) y el almacenamiento, sobre el color y acumulación de antocianinas en papa Red Norland, se sembraron tubérculos en arena o turba, con o sin tratamiento con 2,4-D, con mediciones al secado del follaje, a la cosecha, o después del almacenamiento. Los tubérculos que crecieron en la arena eran menos rojos y acumularon menos antocianinas que los cultivados en turba. El tratamiento con 2,4-D aumentó lo rojizo independientemente del tipo de suelo. La pérdida de la pigmentación roja varió grandemente entre los tubérculos con almacenamiento. Los tubérculos que perdieron el color en el almacén tuvieron el doble de reducción en antocianinas y un aumento al doble en ácidos benzoico y cinámico comparados a la cosecha, indicando degradación química de antocianidinas por vía del rompimiento del anillo B y por autooxidación. Las papas cultivadas en la arena no exhibieron mayores ácidos cinámicos en comparación con las cultivadas en la turba, lo que sugiere que sus diferencias en color se debieron más a diferencias en la biosíntesis que a la degradación durante el embarnecimiento de la piel. Para mejorar el color del tubérculo en Red Norland, la investigación debería enfocarse en el aumento de la biosíntesis de antocianinas.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank Nik Prenevost for greenhouse assistance, Carl Rosen for scientific discussion, and the Minnesota Experiment Station and University of Minnesota Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program for funding. ADH and MRR also thank the U.S. National Science Foundation, Plant Genome Program, grant IOS-0923960 for support.
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Roe, M.R., Carlson, J.L., McManimon, T.M. et al. Differential Accumulation and Degradation Of Anthocyanins In Red Norland Periderm is Dependent On Soil Type And Tuber Storage Duration. Am. J. Potato Res. 91, 696–705 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-014-9402-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-014-9402-z