Summary
The genus Ctenium Panzer includes c. 20 species from tropical Africa and the Neotropics. A survey of the African species was carried out, based mainly on the study of herbarium material, and resulted in the confirmation of eight species: C. canescens Benth., C. concinnum Nees, C. elegans Kunth, C. ledermannii Pilg., C. longiglume Longhi-Wagner & Cope, C. newtonii Hack., C. sesquiflorum Clayton and C. villosum Berhaut. C. concinnum and C. newtonii are the most variable species, but no infraspecific taxa are accepted because of the absence of clear morphological discontinuitues between the different morphotypes. An analytical key to species, illustrations, and morphological and nomenclatural comments, as well as data on habitat and geographical distribution, are provided. In addition, new synonyms are proposed and two lectotypes are designated.
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Notes
The presence of one spike was observed only in one specimen (Rose Innes s.n. GC 32391, K) — Fig. 1F).
Specimen Buchanan 179 bears 1 culm with 2 spikes and 4 culms with 1 spike each, and specimen Lock 68/117 bears 1 culm with 1 spike and another culm with 2 spikes. This variation was found only in these specimens. However, on the label of specimen Greenway 10767, a note states “occasionally spikes paired on a common peduncle”, but this is not present in the specimen itself.
Magogo & Glover 279 (Fig. 2E).
Taton 1584.
All the examined specimens seem to be perennial, but we found some collections (e.g. Espirito Santo 3586) with the note “annual” on their herbarium labels.
One, three and four spikes were rarely reported together with two spikes in the same specimen.
Only observed in specimens Proctor 3321 and Van der Ben 1932.
Wit 805.
In specimen Laegaard et al. 17335 there are 7 flowering culms with only 1 spike and 1 culm with 2 spikes, but no specimen with only 2 spikes was found.
References
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank the curators of the cited herbaria for loans and/or help in accessing their collections. Thank you also to Dr Riccardo M. Baldini, University of Florence, for providing some valuable bibliography, and to Anelise Scherer for helping us with the illustrations. HMLW thanks the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for grants and a research fellowship. Anonymous reviewers made invaluable suggestions for improving the manuscript.
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Appendix 1: Full list of exsiccatae
Legend:
(1) C. canescens Benth.
(2) C. concinnum Nees
(3) C. elegans Kunth
(4) C. ledermanii Pilg.
(5) C. longiglume Longhi-Wagner & Cope
(6) C. newtonii Hack.
(7) C. sesquiflorum Clayton
(8) C. villosum Berhaut
Adam, J.: 375 (3 – P), 1288 (3 – P)
Adam, J. G.: s.n. (6 – MO), 3084 (6 – MO), 6295 (6 – MO, P), (6 – MO), 6658 (6 – P), 6497 (6 – MO), 7408 (8 – MO), 7812 (6 – MO), 7914 (6 – P), 8468 (6 – MO), 11233 (8 – P), 11239 (3 – P), 12509-6 (6 – MO), 13001-11 (3 – MO), 15023 (8 – MO), 15088 (6 – MO), 15102 (8 – MO), 15433 (6 – MO), 17188 (8 – MO), 13 (14 – K), 24646 (8 – MO), 27195 (6 – C, MO), 27238 (8 – C, MO), 27245 (6 – MO), 29406 (8 – MO), 29959 (8 – BR, C, MO), 30244 (8 – MO), 30681 (3 – MO), 31078 (3 – MO), 31243 (6 – MO), 31304 (6 – MO), 31474 (6 – MO)
Adams, C. D.: 2736 (1 – K), 3375 (6 – K), 4023 (1 – K)
Adams, J. C.: 2425 (3 – P)
Adams, P.: 391 (6 – K)
Addei, A. K.: s.n. (6 – BM)
Adjanohoun, E.: 262 A (6 – K, MO, US, UB), 263 A (6 – K, MO, UB), 265 (6 – BR), 325A (6 – K, MO, UB, US), 438A (1 – K)
Afzelius, A.: s.n. (6 – BM, MO, S)
Alers, M. P. T.: 4 (6 – K)
Alhorold, C.: 223 (6 – K)
Amshoff, G. J. H.: 613 (6 – P), 1962 (6 – FT)
Andriamahay, M.: 759 (2 – K)
Ankrah, J. O.: s.n. (1 – K), 38 (1 – K), s.n. (6 – GC 20253, K), s.n. (1 – GC 20026, K), s.n. (6 – GC 20087, K), s.n. (1 – GC 20248, GC 20409, K), s.n. (8 – GC 20263, GC 20494, K)
Armitage, F. B.: 78/55 (2 – K)
Assi, A. L.: 6646 (6 – BR, C, K), 9305 (1 – K)
Astle, W. L.: 796 (5 – K, holotype of C. longiglume)
Audru, J.: 728 (2 – P), 1029 (6 – P), 1273 (6 – P), 1336 (6 – P), 1406 (6 – P), 1451 (6 – K, US, paratypes of C. newtonii var. annuum), 1502 (2 – P), 1864 (6 – P), 4450 (6 – P)
Babet, M. V.: s.n. (6 – P)
Bader, F.: 82 (2 – EA), 118 (2 – EA)
Baldwin Jr., J. T.: 13423(6 – K, US), 13635 (6 – K, US), 14107 (6 – K, US), 14150 (6 – K, US)
Bamps, P.: 235 (6 – EA, K), 2500 (6 – BR)
Barker, A. J. D.: 1447 (6 – K)
Baron, M.: 628 (2 – P)
Baron, R.: s.n. (2 – BM, K)
Barter, C.: s.n. (1 – K, M, P, S, W), s.n. (2 – M), s.n. (6 – K), s.n. (6 – K), 975 (6 – K, P, remaining syntypes of C. newtonii var. majusculum)
Barthe, R.: 65/45 (3 – K, M, W)
Baum, D. A.: 33 (2 – MO)
Bellamy: 159 (3 – P)
Berhaut, R. P.: 647 (8 – K, holotype of C. villosum, isotype K), 895 (6 – P), 2798 (3 – P), 3185 (8 – P), 3188 (8 – K, P), 4139 (3 – P)
Bille, J. C.: 1789 (4 – K); 2833 (6 – P), 3328 (6 – P)
Blair, I. J.: 177 (6 – K), 208 (6 – K)
Blauchon, J. L.: 76 (4 – P)
Bogdan, A.: 3335 (2 – EA, K, P); 3905 (2 – K, US)
Bojer, W.: s.n. (2 – K)
Bond, J. S.: 187 (2 – BR, EA, K)
Bosser, J.: 705 (2 – K), 3024 (2 – MO), 3097 (2 – P), 7632 (2 – P), 13619 (2 – P), 18954 (2 – P), 19560 (2 – P)
Botton, H.: 20 (6 – P)
Boudet, G.: 1374 (6 – P), 1441 (6 – P), 3050 (6 – P), 3055 (6 – P), 3824 (6 – P), 5758 (3 – P)
Bovone, E.: 1920 (2 – BR)
Boyen: s.n. (2 – M)
Brain, C. K.: 2007 (2 – BM, K, MO), 3516 (2 – BM, MO), 10681 (2 – K)
Bral, W. P. B.: 16 (3 – K)
Brazza, J. de M.: 227 (6 – P)
Bredo, H. J. A.: 5427 (5 – BR)
Breteler, F. J.: 257 (6 – K, M)
Breyne, H.: 4718 (6 – BR)
Brixhe, A.: 3 (6 – BR), 47 (6 – BR)
Brockman, R. E. D.: s.n. (2 – K)
Brooks, R. R.: 228 (2 – BR, K, MO)
Brown, J. W.: 426 (6 – K)
Brown, I. L.: 2068 (2 – K)
Brummit, R. K.: 18509 (2 – K)
Buchanan, J.: 179 (2 – K)
Buechner, H. K.: s.n. (6 – K), 129 (6 – K)
Buhrmann, A. E.: 41 (2 – EA)
Callens, H.: 103 (6 – K), 849 (6 – FT), 2362 (6 – BR, K), 4025 (6 – BR, K)
Carlier, C.: 114 (6 – BR, EA, K)
Carrington, J. F.: 235 (6 – BR)
Chancellor, R. J.: 304 (2 – K, US)
Chapman, J. D.: 1890 (2 – BM, MO), 3310 (4– K)
Charles, P.: s.n. (6 – BR)
Chase, N. C.: 6904 (2 – BR, EA, K, US)
Chevalier, A.: s.n. (6 – P), s.n. (6 – BM), 5521 (6 – K, P, W), 2333 (6 – K, lectotype of Ctenium newtonii var. majusculum, isolectotypes BR, L, P), 10069 (3 – K), 12860 (7 – K, holotype of C. sesquiflorum), 18635 (6 – P), 18860 (6 – P), 28453 (3 – P), 34286 (6 – P, holotype of C. camposum), 34592 (6 – P), 34830 (6 – P), 34919 (8 – P)
Chillou, J.: 603 (6 – C, K)
Christiaensen, A. R.: 735 (2 – BR, K)
Claessens, J.: 436 (6 – BR)
Clayton, W. D.: 359 (6 – K), 1342 (3 – K)
Cleghorn, W. R.: 577 (2 – BR, K)
Close, C.: s.n. (2 – BM, K, P)
Coetzer, L. A.: 820 (2 – PRE, PRU)
Collier, A. W.: 252 (6 – BR)
Compere, P.: 1219 (6 – BR), 1351 (6 – BR)
Compton, R. H.: 26724 (2 – PRE)
Corby, H. D. L.: 782 (2 – K)
Creach, P.: 289 (3 – P), 300 (3 – P)
Croat, T. B.: 29371 (2 – K, MO), 29740 (2 – MO)
Crook, A. O.: 696 (2 – K), 2402 (2 – PRE)
D’Slleizette, Ch.: s.n. (2 – L 951 86 433)
Dalziel, J. M.: s.n. (3 – K), 247 (3 – K), 505 (3 – K), 1120 (6 – C, K)
Dauva, D.: s.n. (3 – FHI 7001 – K)
Davidson, L. E.: 1854 (2 – MO)
Decary, M. R.: 6169 (2 – K, P), 7592 (2 – BM, K)
Dechamps, R.: 1608 (6 – BR)
Dehane, R. E.: 25 (2 – P)
Dehaye, R. E.: 377 (6 – BR)
Deighton, F. C.: 3036 (6 – K)
Demange, R.: 3217 (6 – P)
Demeuse: 104 (6 – W), 120 (6 – BR), 150 (6 – BR remaining syntype of C. newtonii var. productum)
Descoings, B.: 8095 (4 – P), 8316 (4 – P), 12182 (2 – P)
Devred, R.: 1050 (6 – BR, K), 2935 (6 – BR), 3249 (6 – BR, K)
Diallo, A. K.: 517 (8 – P), 548 (6 – K, P)
Diarra, N.: 242 (8 – K, P)
Don, G.: s.n. (1– BM, holotype of C. canescens), s.n. (6 – BM)
Dowsett-Lemaire: 1484 (6 – BR, K)
Dowe, M.: 1507 (2 – EA), 4087 (2 – EA)
Drake-Brockman, R. E.: s.n. (2 – K)
Drége, J. F.: s.n., Hb. Nees 4318 (2 – B, lectotype C. concinnum; isolectotype P)
Dronne: 78 (6 – K, paratype of C. newtonii var. annuum)
Dubois, L.: 1889 (6 – BR)
Dujardin, M.: 47 (6 – BR), 440 (6 – BR)
Dümmer, R.: 2602 (2 – BM, K, US)
Dumont, A.: 18 (6 – P)
Dusén, P. K.: s.n. (6 – S), 14273 (6 – M)
Easterly, N. Wm.: 1318, 1320 (6 – K)
Eggeling, M. J.: 4280 (2 – EA), 4704 (2 – EA), 4743 (2 – EA), 4864 (2 – EA)
Ekwuro, P. O.: FHI 63800 (6 – MO)
Ellenberg, F.: s.n. (6 – K), 117(6 – K, paratype of C. newtonii var. annuum), 403 (6 – P), 798 (6 – P)
Ellis, R. P.: 257 (2 – K)
Emwiogbon, J. A.: FHI 65921 (6 – K)
Espírito Santo, J. V. da G.: 3125 (6 – K), 3156 (3 – K), 3586 (3 – EA)
Etuge, M.: 3504 (4 – K)
Exell, A. W.: s.n. (6 – BM), 459 (6 – BM), 1676 (6 – BM)
F. H. I.: 38179 (6 – BR)
Farrow, R. A.: 118 (6 – K)
Fasseaux, W.: 1143 (6 – K), 1181 (6 – US)
Fay, J. M.: 1874 (6 – K), 2960 (6 – K), 3194 (2 – K), 4412 (6 – K), 7386 (6 – P, MO)
Field, C. R.: 821 (2 – EA)
Field, D. I.: 269 (6 – EA)
Figari, A. B.: s.n. (2 – FI)
Finlay: 12654 (2 – K)
Fisher, B. S.: 2 (2 – EA, MO, NU, P, S, US), 86 (2 – K, MO, US)
Flamigni: 10570 (6 – BR)
Florence, J.: 1721 (6 – P)
Fotius, K.: 372 (6 – P), 1043 (6 – P), 1118 (3 – P)
Foussaint, L.: 265 (6 – BR)
Froment, D.: 1017 (1 – K), 1063 (6 – BR), 1118 (1 – K), 1078 (6 – BR, K)
Gassay, S.: s.n. (6 – P)
Gaston, A.: 559 (3 – P), 1226 (3 – P), 2124 (K, isotype of C. newtonii var. annuum), 2327 (6 – K, paratype of C. newtonii var. annuum)
Gay, J.: s.n. (3 – P, holotype C. elegans, isotype K)
Geerling, C.: 1414 (6 – C, K, MO), 1449 (6 – BR, C, MO)
Gereau, R. E.: 5891 (2 – MO)
Germain, R.: 2000 (6 – K, MO), 2198 (6 – EA), 2945 (2 – BR), 4218 (6 – EA), 4288 (6 – BR, EA, M), 6168 (2 – K), 6468 (2 – EA, L), 6524 (2 – EA, FT, K), 6616 (2 – EA)
Gilbert, C.: 334 (6 – MO)
Gillet, H.: s.n. (3 – P)
Gillman, H.: 131 (2 – EA, K)
Glanville, R. R.: 93 (6 – K)
Godfrey, R. K.: H-1608 (2 – US)
Goldsmith, B.: 6/72 (2 – K, MO)
Gossweiler, J.: s.n. (6 – BR), s.n. (K, lectotype of C. newtonii var. productum), 3671 (6 – K), 6119 (6 – BM, K), 8322 (6 – BM), 8556 (2 – US), 9065 (6 – K, US), 11257 (6 – K, US), 11512 (6 – K, US)
Green, A. H.: 5 (6 – K)
Greenway, J.: 7170 (2 – EA, K), 10767 (2 – EA, K)
Gurvicius, V. : 3 (6 – M)
Gyandu, S. A.: 16 (1 – US), 414 (6 – US)
Haarer, A. E.: 2377 (2 – EA, K)
Haekshra, P.: 209 I (3 – K)
Hagerup, O.: 480 (3 – C, S, US)
Hall, J. B.: s.n. (6 – GC 35944 – K), s.n. (1 – GC 42145 – MO), s.n. (6 – GC 46331, K), s.n. (3 – GC 35712, K), 15 (6 – K, P), 2279 (1 – K)
Hambler, D. J.: 710 (6 – BM, BR), 793 (6 – BM)
Harker, K. W.: 649 (2 – EA)
Harrison, M. N.: 208 (3 – K), 507, 1064 (6 – K)
Hazel, C.: 576 (2 – BM, K)
Heady, M. F.: 1371 (2 – MO)
Hempe, J.: 122 (3 – MO)
Hens, Fr.: 201 (6 – K)
Hepper, F. N.: 1137 (1 – K, P), 1365 (6 – BR, K, P)
Heudelot: 143 (3 – L, P)
Hildebrandt, J. M.: 4000 (2 – B, holotype C. concinnum var. minus, isotypes BM, K, P, M, US, W)
Hill, J.: 312 (2 – K, MO)
Homblé: 1263 (2 – BR)
Hubbard, D. V.: S. 581 (1 – K)
Hullen, R. J.: 3 (6 – K)
Humbert, H.: 28134 (2 – P), 30069 (2 – P), 30230 (2 – P)
Hutchinson, J.: 3851 (5 – K)
Hyde, M. A.: 229 (2 – K)
Irvine, F. R.: 1520 (6 – K), 4659 (6 – K)
Irving, D.: s.n. (6 – K)
Jackson, G.: 2311-68 (6 – K, UIH 11716), 2355 A, 2355 B (6 – K)
Jackson, J. K.: 3328 (2 – K), 3407 (6 – K), 3992 (6 – K)
Jacques-Félix, H.: 175 (6 – K, P), 453 (1 – P), 7074 (6 – P), 8174 (6 – P, US), 9010 (4 – K, P)
Jangoux, J.: 947 a (6 – BR)
Jansen, J. W. A.: 2303 (6 – BR)
Jardin, D. E.: s.n. (P, holotype of C. serpentinum)
Jarret, T.: 269 (2 – EA, K)
Johnston, H. B.: 32 (3 – K), 45 (3 – EA, K), 619 (2 – K), 1053 (6 – K), 1101 (2 – K), 1225 (2 – K), 1339 (2 – K)
Johnstone, D.: 311 (2 – PRU)
Kabuye, C. H. S.: 300 (2 – EA, K)
Kalema, J.: 3263 (6 – C)
Kami, E.: s.n. (6 – BR), 1194 (6 – BR), 1209 (6 – BR), 1220 (6 – BR)
Keay, R. W. J.: FHI 5481 (6 – K), FHI 21527 (6 – K), FHI 37301 (1 – K), FHI 37686 (6 – K), FHI 37695 (6 – K)
Kennedy, J. D.: FHI 8048 (6 – K)
Kitching, L.: s.n. (2 – K)
Kmoch: 176 (3 – K)
Koechlin, J.: 3196 (3 – P), 4737 (3 – P), 6342 (4 – P), 6970, 6973 (6 – P), 7190 (6 – P), 7218 (6 – P), 7248 (6 – P), 7273 (6 – P), 7402 (3 – P), 7522 (4 – P)
Koh, P.: 167 (2 – PRU)
Kotschy, C. G. T.: s.n. (3 – M), 240 (3 – FI), 249 (3 – BM, K, M, L, P, PI, US), 839 (3 – M), 1841 (3 – W)
Laegaard, S.: 17225 (6 – K), 17280 (6 – K), 17335 (8 – K), 18327 (6 – K,M ), 18359 (3 – M)
Langdale-Brown, J.: 2068 (2 – EA, K)
Laurent, M.: 529 (6 – BR)
Lawlor, D. W.: 645 (6 – K)
Lebrun, J.-P.: 3101 (6 – EA), 6006 (6 – EA, K), 6417 (6 – EA, K), 9466 (2 – BM, BR, C, L, M)
Lécard, T.: 258 (8 – P, US)
Leconte, M.: s.n. (6 – P)
Ledermann, C. L.: 1790 (4 – B, holotype of C. ledermanni, isotype K)
Leemo, P. N. de: s.n. (1 – K)
Leeuwenberg, A. J. M.: 7036 (6 – BR, C, EA, K, MO), 13670 (6 – MO)
Lejoly, J.: 81/111 (6 – BR), 81/746 (6 – BR), 82/739 (6 – BR), 82/847 (6 – BR)
Lely, H. V.: s.n. p-756 (MO 17560050), 756 (6 – K, MO), 798 (6 – K)
Leprieur, F. M. R.: s.n. (3 – L 908 86 908), 56, 1830, 1861 (3 – P)
Le Testu, G.: s.n. (6 – BM), 1320 (6 – BM), 3179 (6 – BM)
Letouzey, R.: 2524 (4 – P), 5960 (6 – P), 5982 (6 – P), 7688 (6 – P), 9658 (6 – BR), 10774 (6 – BR, K), 12948 (4 – K, P), 13008 (6 – P, K), 14253 (4 – K, P, HNC)
Lewalle, J.: 2823 (2 – K), 5357 (2 – EA), 5796 (2 – BR)
Liben, L.: 910 (2 – BR, MO), 1728 (2 – BM), 2660 (6 – EA, M)
Liebenberg, L. C. C.: 450 (2 – K)
Lisowski, S.: s.n. (2 – BR), C-856 (6 – K), 2079 (2 – BR), 2660 (2 – BR), 2988 (2 – BR), 3298 (2 – BR), 3550 (2 – BR), 4018 (2 – BR), 13000 (2 – K), 55921 (6 – BR)
Lock, J. M.: 68/117 (2 – EA)
Loher, A.: s.n. (2 – M)
Loveridge, J. P.: 1666 (2 – BM, K)
Lowe, J.: 1615 (6 – K)
Lukuesa, M.: 298 (5 – K)
Lye, K. A.: 2686 (2 – K), 4616 (2 – EA)
Macleod, J.: 79 (6 – BM)
Maclean, A. P. D.: 300 (2 – MO)
Madsen, J. E.: 5389 (6 – S), 6202 (3 – S)
Magaji, S. O.: 249 (6 – K), 1987 (1 – P)
Magogo, F.: 279 (2 – BR, EA, FT, MO)
Maguire, B.: 7466 (2 – MO)
Mahieu: 331 (6 – EA)
Maire, R. C.: 15 (2 – P)
Mainard, P.: 10 (6 – M, S)
Maitland, J.: 366 (2 – US)
Maittand, T. D.: 166 (6 – K)
Malaisse, F.: 10798 (2 – BR, MO)
Mappachi-Alemanni, N.: 246 (6 – FT, K)
Maserumule, M. K.: 4 (2 – PRE)
Mazurski, M.: 371 (3 – MO)
McCallum, D. A.: 554 (2 – C)
Medrillos, A.: 27 (4 – P)
Meinzingen: 49 (3 – BM)
Meller: s.n. (2 – K)
Mensah, G. A.: 488 (6 – US)
Mervon: s.n. (6 – L)
Michel, G.: 890 (5 – FT, MO), 944 (6 – MO), 4224 (2 – BR)
Mildbraed, G. W. J.: 167 (2 – B)
Milne, G.: s.n. (6 – W 103342)
Moomaw, J. C.: 1156 (2 – K)
Moore, D.: s.n. (6 – K)
Morton, J. K.: s.n. (1 – K), s.n. (6 – GC, K), A 676 (6 – K), A 1723 (6 – K), 3168 (6 – K), A 3599 (6 – K), s.n. (3 – GC 9918, K)
Mosmier, M.: 2365 (3 – P)
Muambi, F.: 53 (6 – BR), 79 (6 – BR), 82 (6 – BR)
Muasya, J.: 2063 (2 – EA)
Muerillon, A.: CNDA 27 (4 – K), 977 (6 – K)
Mwamkoa, A.: 38 (2 – EA)
Myers, J. C.: 7331 (6 – K)
Naegelé, A.: RPB/83-9 (6 – K), RPB/83-34 (1 – K)
Newton, F.: 7 (6 – W, holotype of C. newtonii, isotype K), 8 (1 – K, W)
Nkongmeneck, B. A.: 549 (6 – P)
Noirfalise, A.: 785 (2 – BR, K, L, M, US)
Noyes, R. D.: 1104 (6 – BR, MO)
Oldeman, R. A. A.: 422 (6 – BR, K, MO, P)
Onochie, C.: FHI 6991 (6 – K), 8114 (6 – K)
Parker, G. W.: 28 (2 – K)
Pauwels, L.: 293 (6 – EA), 990 (6 – BR), 1084 (6 – BR, EA), 1179 (6 – BR)
Peter, A.: 38335, 38396 (2 – W)
Pilz, G. E.: 2232 (6 – K, MO)
Piot, J.: 265 (3 – P)
Pirozynski, K. A.: 403 (2 – K)
Pittery: 858 (6 – C)
Plessis, C. G. Du: 1321 (2 – PRU)
Pobéguin, M.: 496 (6 – K, P)
Pole-Evans, I. B.: 1048 (2 – PRE)
Popov, G.: 60/106 (3 – BM)
Portéres, R.: s.n. (6 – P), 1588 (6 – P), 2752 (3 – P), 2067 (6 – P), 2664 (6 – P), 2929 (3 – P), 3203 (6 – P), 3205 (6 – P)
Proctor, J.: 1086 (2 – EA), 3321 (4 – EA)
Quarré, P.: 2870 (2 – K), 7663 (6 – K)
Raal, P.: 770 (2 – EA)
Raimundo, F. A.: 157 (6 – BR), 414 (3 – PAMG), 1247 (6 – BR)
Rakotuvao, C.: 766 (2 – MO)
Raynal, J. R.: s.n. (6 – K), 5050 (3 – P), 6625 (3 – P), 11989 (6 – K, P)
Reekmans, M.: 364 (2 – EA, MO), 643 (4 – EA, MO), 3041 (2 – EA, MO), 4899 (5 – MO), 8764 (2 – K, MO), 11006 (4 – EA, K, MO)
Renard, C.: 31 (6 – BR)
Richard, L. C. M.: s.n. (3 – BR, FI)
Richards, H. M.: 5873A (5 – K)
Risopoulos, S. A.: 1208 (6 – BR, EA, P)
Riva, D.: s.n. (2 – FI), 180 (2 – FI, lectotype of C. nubicum var. somalense ), 525 (2 – FI)
Robb: s.n. (6 – BM)
Robbrecht, E.: 1706 (6 – MO)
Roberty, G. M.: 2578, 2671 (6 – P)
Robertson, S. A.: 6306 (2 – EA)
Robertson, V. C.: 12 (6 – BM)
Robinson, E. A.: 3649 (2 – K, M), 4446 (2 – BM, EA, K, M)
Robyns, W.: 4156 (6 – BR, EA, K)
Rogeon, J.-F.: 286 (3 – P)
Rose-Innes, R.: s.n. (1 – K), s.n. (1 – K, GC 30051), s.n. (6 – GC 30247, K), s.n. (6 – GC 30811, K), s.n. (6 – GC 30910, K), s.n. (1 – GC 30148, K), s.n. (8 – GC 30279, 30472, K), s.n. (1 – GC 30303, K), s.n. (3 – GC 30476, K), s.n. (1 – GC 30606, K), s.n. (6 – GC 30665, K, M), s.n. (6 – EA, GC 31070, K), s.n. (6 – GC 31361, K), s.n. (6 – GC 31384, K), s.n. (1 – GC 31419, K), s.n. (8 – GC 31411, K), s.n. (6 – GC 31420, K), s.n. (8 – GC 31443, K), s.n. (6 – GC 31483, K), s.n. (6 – GC 31498, K), s.n. (6 – GC 31545, K), s.n. (1 – GC 31576, K), s.n. (6 – GC 31582, K), s.n. (1 – GC 31585, K), s.n. (6 – GC 31895, K), s.n. (1 – GC 31964, K), s.n. (6 – GC 32049, K), s.n. (1 – GC 32113, K), s.n. (6 – GC 32080, K), s.n. (8 – GC 32107, K), s.n. (6 – CG 32150, K), s.n. (8 – GC 32159, K), s.n. (6 – GC 32331, K), s.n. (6 – GC 32381, K), s.n. (GC 32391, K), s.n. (6 – GC 32404, K), s.n. (3 – GC 32513, 32525, K), (6 – GC 30665, K, M), s.n. (8 – GC 32619, K)
Ross: 2187 (3 – P)
Rossetti, Ch. O.: 133 (3 – BM), 217 (3 – K)
Roswear, D. R.: 14/30 A (6 – K)
Rwaburindore, P. K.: 917 (2 – MO), 4018 (2 – MO)
Saadou, M.: 47 (3 – K), 1502 (6 – K), 1647 (6 – K)
Sacleux, R. P.: s.n. (2 – P), 2069 (2 – P)
Saeger, H. de: 1457 (2 – K)
Sanane, M.: s.n. (5 – L), 1286 (5 – K)
Sanogo, S.: ML-241 (3 – K)
Sanou, L.: BUR-169 (3 – K)
Scaetta, H.: 3151a (6 – FT, P)
Scaft, C. D.: 213 (2 – EA)
Schaefer, O.: s.n. (6 – M)
Schantz, H. L.: s.n. (2 – US), 723 (2 – K, US)
Schliben, M.: s.n. (2 – P)
Schlieben, H. J.: s.n. (2 – L 951 86 432), 6028 (2 – BM, BR, K, M, MO, P, S, US), 6028 (2 – MO, S, US), 9457 (2 – M, P), 9491 (2 – K, M)
Schnell, R.: 2341 (6 – P), 7380 (6 – P)
Scholz, H.: 2b (6 – K), 173 (1 – K, P), 179 (6 – K), 191 (3 – K)
Shongue, M.: 236 (2 – PRU)
Schweicherdt, H. G.: 1733 (2 – L, S, US, W), 1740 (2 – S, US, W)
Schweinfurth, G. A.: 2248 (6 – B, holotype of C. schweinfurthii, isotype K)
Sekulic, K.: 20 (2 – EA)
Shantz, H. L.: 723 (2 – K)
Shivonen, J.: 269 (6 – K, MO)
Simon, B. K.: 840 (2 – K), 1844 (2 – BM, K)
Simpson, N. D.: 7758 (3 – K)
Smook, L.: 1166 (2 – C, K, MO, 4827A (2 – PRE), 4945 (2 – EA, PRE, W), 4956 (2 – W), 5004 (2 – K), 5450 (2 – EA, PRE), 5515 (2 – PRE), 5697 (2 – W)
Smuts, G. L.: 12 (2 – PRE)
Snow, N.: s.n. (2 – MO), 6991 (2 – MO, W)
Snowden, J. D.: 1277 (2 – BR, EA, K), 1329 (2 – BM, C, EA, K, P), 1330 (2 – BM, FI, K)
Sofoluwe, F. O.: FHI 38179 (6 – K)
Sosef, M. S. M.: 1682 (6 – K)
Stage, E.: 52 (6 – K)
Stam, A. B.: 25 (6 – L)
Stein, T: 195 (2 – PRE)
Story, R.: 4184 (2 – K)
Stuhlmann, F. L.: 1010 (2 – B, holotype of C. concinnum var. indutum)
Symoens, J. J.: s.n. (2 – K), 10082 (2 – K)
Taiti, S.: s.n. (2 – EA 15248)
Tanner, R. E. S.: 4592 (2 – BR, K, L)
Taton, A.: 1584 (2 – EA)
Taylor, C. B. H.: 2624/32 (6 – K)
Tessmann, P.: 2726 (4 – K, paratype of C. ledermannii)
Thatcher, D. V.: 5496 (6 – K)
Thomas, A. S.: 61 (2 – K), 3848 (2 – EA, K), 4547 (6 – EA), 4597 (6 – K)
Thomas, D. W.: 6475 (6 – MO)
Thomas, N. W.: 3930 (6 – BR, K)
Thonning, P.: 366 (1 – C, type of Chloris pulchra)
Thorncroft, G.: 25421 (2 – S, US)
Thornton, D. D.: 23 (2 – K)
Thorold, C. A.: 262 (6 – K), 1537 (2 – K)
Tiss, Ch.: 945-960 (6 – P)
Tisserant, R. P. C.: 2985 (6 – BM)
Toit, P. C. V. du: 1160 (2 – PRE), 1068 (2 – M), 2374 (2 – C, MO)
Towsend, S.: s.n. (2 – K)
Trochain, J.: 685 (3 – P), 909 (3 – P), 2187 (3 – P), 4921 (3 – P), 10818 (6 – P)
Troupin, G.: 5918 (2 – BR, EA, K), 7330 (2 – BR)
Tuffe, R.: 29 (2 – K)
Tuley, P.: 492 (4 – K, P, US), 1019 (4 – K), 1634 (6 – K), 2053 (4 – K)
Tutin, C. E. G.: 146 (6 – K), 148 (8 – K)
Tyrer, P. J.: 6 (5 – BM)
Ujor, E.: s.n. (4 – K, FHI 30215)
Unwin, A. H.: 10084 (6 – K)
Uvyu, D.: 15 (2 – EA)
Van Valkenburg, J. L. C. H.: 2915 (6 – K)
Van der Ben, D.: 1932 (4 – EA, K)
Vanden Berghen, C.: 2401c (6 – BR), 2415c (6 – BR), 3074 (6 – BR), 3116 (6 – BR), 3727 (6 – BR), 6044 (6 – BR), 8567 (3 – MO), 9186 (6 – BR)
Van der Zon, A. P. M.: 3315 (6 – P), 3343 (6 – P)
Van Riebeeck: 167 (2 – PRU)
Vanderyst, H.: s.n. (6 – BR), s.n. (6 – K), s.n. (6 – C), 20B (6 – P), 2637 (6 – K), 2666 (6 – US), 5214 (6 – K), 5536 (6 – US)
Vatova, A.: 892 (2 – FT)
Verboom, G. A.: 2302 (6 – K)
Verdcourt, B.: 3308 (2 – EA, K)
Vesey-Fitzgerald, D.: 1864 (5 – EA, K)
Vigne, C.: 187 (6 – US), 4625 (6 – BM, K)
Vigneon: 8161 (3 – L)
Vuillet, M.: 446 (8 – P)
Wagemans, J.: 1177 (6 – BR), 1350 (6 – BR), 1386 (6 – BR), 2233 (6 – BR)
Ward, C. J.: 6540 (2 – K, PRE)
Ward, J. F.: 21 (3 – BM, US), 54 (6 – K)
Waterlot: 1290 (8 – P), 1373 (6 – P)
Wellman, T. C.: s.n. (6 – K)
Wheller, J. A.: 1239 (2 – BR, K)
White, L. P: 27 (3 – K), 575 (6 – MO), 842 (6 – MO)
Wickens, G. E.: 646 (3 – K), 1128 (6 – K), 2545 (6 – K), 2784 (6 – K), 2805 (2 – K)
De Wilde, J. J. F. E.: 613 (6 – BR, C, K, MO), 9221 (6 – C, K, MO, P), 9358 (6 – BR, MO, P)
De Wilde, W. J. : 3298 (6 – K)
Willd, H.: 2900 (2 – K)
Williams, T. L.: 462 (3 – K)
Williamson, G.: 9886 (2 – K)
Wit, P.: 805 (6 – K)
Wyld, J. W. G.: 260 (6 – BM)
Wylie, J.: 10326 (2 – L)
Zolotarevsky, B.: 144 (3 – P), 696 (3 – P)
s. col.: (3 – MO 2108485), 32 (6 – P)
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
ESM 1
(DOCX 85.7 kb)
