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Physicochemical Properties of TPP-Crosslinked Chitosan Nanoparticles as Potential Antibacterial Agents

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Abstract

Chitosan (CS) nanoparticles with antibacterial properties have been synthesized by the ionic gelation method using tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a crosslinking agent. Physicochemical properties of the resulting CS-TPP nanoparticles were examined by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The antibacterial efficacy of the nanoparticles against S. aureus and E. coli was evaluated by the disc diffusion (DD) method. It was found that the optimum conditions for fabricating the CS-TPP nanoparticles were: pH of 2.85, CS concentration of 1.5 mg/ml, TPP concentration of 0.5 mg/ml, CS:TPP feed ratio of 1:1, mixing speed of 300 rpm, and reaction temperature of 30 ºC. The CS-TPP nanoparticles decreased in average particle size with an increase in the CS concentration. Based on the DLS results, the average size of CS-TPP ranged from 79.2 to 114.2 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.369-0.398. However, slightly larger sizes were observed (150 to 180 nm), based on the TEM and SEM images. The CS-TPP has more regular structures compared to CS, indicated by the increase of crystallinity based on X-ray diffraction patterns. In addition, FTIR spectra confirmed that interactions in tripolyphosphate were predominantly between CS amines and TPP counterions via ionic interactions, as supported by SEM-EDX. CS-TPP exhibited antibacterial activity. The highest inhibition zone radius was 5.0 and 5.5 mm against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. The bio-based materials have a high potential for use as value-added antibacterial agents.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by World Class Professor (WCP) Program Scheme B (101.11/E4.3/KU/2020) by the Ministry of Education and Culture of Republic Indonesia, and PUPT and competitive research grants (171A/UN.40D/PP/2019) by the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic Indonesia. Support from the Center of Excellence in Materials and Plasma Technology (CoE M@P Tech), Thammasat University to P.O. is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Indonesia University of Education, Bandung, 40154, Indonesia

    Fitri Khoerunnisa, Mita Nurhayati, Regita Rizki, Hafiz Aji Aziz & Hendrawan Hendrawan

  2. Research Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesia Institute of Science, Bandung, 40135, Indonesia

    Fitri Dara & Muhamad Nasir

  3. School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia

    Ng Eng Poh

  4. School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Bangkok, 12121, Thailand

    Chariya Kaewsaneha & Pakorn Opaprakasit

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  1. Fitri Khoerunnisa
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Correspondence to Fitri Khoerunnisa or Pakorn Opaprakasit.

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Khoerunnisa, F., Nurhayati, M., Dara, F. et al. Physicochemical Properties of TPP-Crosslinked Chitosan Nanoparticles as Potential Antibacterial Agents. Fibers Polym 22, 2954–2964 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-021-0397-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-021-0397-z

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