Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Analysis of the influence of 111In on 90Y-bremsstrahlung SPECT based on Monte Carlo simulation

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Annals of Nuclear Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) which is used for the treatment of malignant lymphomas can be used for SPECT imaging based on bremsstrahlung from 90Y beta particles. However, gamma rays emitted by 111In, which is administered to evaluate the indication for the treatment, contaminate the 90Y bremsstrahlung images. Our objective is to investigate the influence of 111In on the 90Y SPECT images using Monte Carlo simulation.

Methods

We used an in-house developed simulation code for the Monte Carlo simulation of electrons and photons (MCEP). Two hot spheres with diameters of 40 mm were put in an elliptical phantom. Both spheres (“sphere 1” and “sphere 2”) were filled with 90Y and 111In mixed solutions. The activities of 90Y in sphere 1 and sphere 2 were 241 and 394 kBq/mL, respectively, and the ones of 111In were 8.14 and 13.3 kBq/mL, respectively. The background activity of 90Y was 38.6 kBq/mL, whereas that of 111In was 1.30 kBq/mL; moreover, the acquisition time was 30 min. Two energy windows were used: one is 90–190 keV included the 111In photopeak; the other is 90–160 keV. To evaluate the quality of the SPECT images, the contrast recovery coefficient (CRC) and the constant noise ratio (CNR) of the SPECT images were derived.

Results

For the energy window between 90 and 160 keV, the 111In count was 74 % of the total. In that case, the CRC values were 30.1 and 30.7 % for “sphere 1” and “sphere 2”, respectively, whereas the CNR values were 6.8 and 12.1, respectively. For the energy window between 90 and 190 keV, the 111In count reached 85 % of the total count. The CRC and CNR values were 38.6 and 40.0 % and 10.6 and 19.4, respectively.

Conclusions

Our simulation study revealed that the cross talk between 111In and 90Y in SPECT imaging is rather serious. Even for the energy window excluding the 111In photopeak, the count ratio of 90Y was less than 30 % of the total. However, the influence of 111In on 90Y-SPECT imaging cannot be ignored, and the count ratio because of 111In is important to estimate the density of 90Y.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. SPECTRUM™ PHARMACEUTICALS LLC and FUJIFILM RI Pharma Co., Ltd. Usefulness of “RI-labeled antibody therapy using Zevalin ®”. http://zevalin.jp/unmember/about2.html. Accessed 06 January 2016.

  2. Minarik D, Gleisner KS, Ljungberg M. Evaluation of quantitative 90Y SPECT based on experimental phantom studies. Phys Med Biol. 2008;53:5689–703.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Ljungberg M, Gleisner KS. The accuracy of absorbed dose estimates in tumors determined by quantitative SPECT: a Monte Carlo study. Acta Oncol. 2011;50:981–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Rong X, Du Y, Ljungberg M, Rault E, Vandenberghe S, Frey EC. Development and evaluation of an improved quantitative 90Y bremsstrahlung SPECT method. Med Phys. 2012;39:2346–58.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Minarik D, Gleisner KS, Ljungberg M. Evaluation of quantitative planer 90Y bremsstrahlung whole-body imaging. Phys Med Biol. 2009;54:5873–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Elschot M, Lam MG, van den Bosch MA, Viergever MA, de Jong HW. Quantitative Monte Carlo-based 90Y SPECT reconstruction. J Nucl Med. 2013;54:1557–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Takahashi A, Himuro K, Yamashita Y, Komiya I, Baba S, Sasaki M. Monte Carlo simulation of PET and SPECT imaging of 90Y. Med Phys. 2015;42:1926–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Tanaka M, Uehara S, Kojima A, Matsumoto M. Monte Carlo simulation of energy spectra for 123I imaging. Phys Med Biol. 2007;52:4409–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Moore SC, Park MA, Cervo M, Miiller SP. A fast Monte Carlo-based forward projector with complete physics modeling of Y-90 bremsstrahlung. In: IEEE nuclear science symposium and medical imaging conference record (NSS/MIC); 2012. pp. 2699–701. doi:10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551614.

  10. Wiseman GA, White CA, Stabin M, Dunn WL, Erwin W, Dahlbom M, et al. Phase I/II 90Y-Zevalin (yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan, IDEC-Y2B8) radioimmunotherapy dosimetry results in relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Eur J Nucl Med. 2000;27:766–77.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Minarik D, Gleisner KS, Linden O, Wingårdh K, Tennvall J, Strand S-E, et al. 90Y bremsstrahlung imaging for absorbed-dose assessment in high-dose radioimmunotherapy. J Nucl Med. 2010;51:1974–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Darrell RF, Sui S, Ruby FM. MIRD dose estimate report No. 20: radiation absorbed-dose estimates for 111In- and 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan. J Nucl Med. 2009;50:644–52.

  13. Elschot M, Vermolen BJ, Lam MG, de Keizer B, van den Bosch MA, de Jong HW. Quantitative comparison of PET and bremsstrahlung SPECT for imaging the in vivo Yttrium-90 microsphere distribution after liver radioembolization. PLoS One. 2013;8:e55742. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055742.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Rhymer SM, Parker JA, Palmer MR. Detection of 90Y extravasation by bremsstrahlung imaging for patients undergoing 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan therapy. J Nucl Med. 2010;38:195–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Walrand S, Hesse M, Demonceau G, Pauwels S, Jamar F. Yttrium-90-labeled microsphere tracking during liver selective internal radiotherapy by bremsstrahlung pinhole SPECT: feasibility study and evaluation in an abdominal phantom. EJNMMI Res. 2011;1:1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Carlier T, Eugène T, Bodet-Milin C, Garin E, Ansquer C, Rousseau C, et al. Assessment of acquisition protocols for routine imaging of Y-90 using PET/CT. EJNMMI Res. 2013;3:11.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Tapp KN, Lea WB, Johnson MS, Tann M, Fletcher JW, Hutchins GD. The impact of image reconstruction bias on PET/CT 90Y dosimetry after radioembolization. J Nucl Med. 2014;55:1452–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Cherry SR, Sorenson JA, Phelps ME. Physics in nuclear medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2003. p. 264–70.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Dr. Shuzo Uehara for providing the original simulation codes (HEXAGON and NAI) and a lot of valuable advice. We declare no conflict of interest for this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Medical Quantum Science, Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan

    Hiroaki Shiba, Akihiko Takahashi & Masayuki Sasaki

  2. Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Shingo Baba

  3. Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan

    Kazuhiko Himuro & Yasuo Yamashita

Authors
  1. Hiroaki Shiba
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Akihiko Takahashi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shingo Baba
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Kazuhiko Himuro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yasuo Yamashita
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Masayuki Sasaki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Akihiko Takahashi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shiba, H., Takahashi, A., Baba, S. et al. Analysis of the influence of 111In on 90Y-bremsstrahlung SPECT based on Monte Carlo simulation. Ann Nucl Med 30, 675–681 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12149-016-1112-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12149-016-1112-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation