Skip to main content
Log in

Religiosity and Migration Aspirations among Mexican Youth

  • Published:
Journal of International Migration and Integration Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

International migration has become an important topic of discussion from a policy and humanitarian perspective. Part of the debate includes a renewed interest in understanding the factors that influence decisions about migration to the US among Mexican youth still residing in their country of origin. The purpose of this study was to advance knowledge specifically about internal and external religiosity and their influence on youths’ migration aspirations. The data for this study were collected in 2007 from students enrolled in an alternative high school program located in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. The findings indicated that as external religiosity increases, the desire to work or live in the USA decreases. Furthermore, as internal religiosity increases, the desire to work or live in the USA and plans to migrate increase. The results are interpreted and discussed in light of previous research on religious and cultural norm adherence.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alba, R. D., Massey, D. S., & Rumbaut, R. G. (1999). The immigration experience for families and children. Washington, DC: American Sociological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amey, C. H., Albrecht, S. L., & Miller, M. K. (1996). Racial differences in adolescent drug use: the impact of religion. Substance Use & Misuse, 31, 1311–1332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arias, P. (2004). Old paradigms and new scenarios in a migratory tradition: U.S. migration from Guanajuato. In J. Durand & D. S. Massey (Eds.), Crossing the border: research from the Mexican Migration Project (pp. 171–183). New York: Russell Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Associated Press. (2008, November 20). Records: percentage of Mormons in Utah declines. The Arizona Republic. Retrieved from http://www.azcentral.com/news/articles/2008/11/20/20081120fewer-mormons1120-ON.html.

  • Benjamins, M., & Buck, A. C. (2009). Religion: a sociocultural predictor of health behaviors in Mexico. Journal of Aging and Health. Advance online publication. doi:10.1177/0898264308315429.

  • Borjas, G. J. (1989). Economic theory and international migration. International Migration Review, 23, 457–485.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bosswick, W., & Husband, C. (2005). Comparative European research in migration, diversity and identities (University of Deusto). Retrieved from Humanitarian Net website: http://www.humanitariannet.deusto.es/publica/PUBLICACIONES_PDF/14%20Comparative%20European.pdf#page=113

  • Cadge, W., & Ecklund, E. H. (2007). Immigration and religion. Annual Review of Sociology, 33, 359–379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camp, R. A. (2000). The cross in the polling booth: religion, politics, and the laity in Mexico. Latin America Research Review, 29, 69–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castellanos, M. B. (2007). Adolescent migration to Cancún: reconfiguring Maya households and gender relations in Mexico’s Yucatán peninsula. Frontiers, 28, 1–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Colucci, E., & Martin, G. (2008). Religion and spirituality along the suicidal path. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 38, 229–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Connor, P. (2008). Increase or decrease? The impact of the international migratory event on immigrant religious participation. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 47, 243–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cortez, W. W. (2001). What is behind increasing wage inequality in Mexico? World Development, 29, 1905–1922.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferriss, A. L. (2002). Religion and quality of life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 199–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiala, W. E., Bjorck, J. P., & Gorsuch, R. (2002). The religious support scale: construction, validation, and cross-validation. American Journal of Community Psychology, 30, 761–786.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finke, R., & Stark, R. (1992). The churching of America, 1776–1990: winners and losers in our religious economy. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • García, M. C. (2006). Seeking refuge: Central American migration to Mexico, the United States, and Canada. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • George, L. K., Ellison, C. G., & Larson, D. B. (2002). Exploring the relationships between religious involvement and health. Psychological Inquiry, 13, 190–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hagan, J., & Ebaugh, H. R. (2003). Calling upon the sacred: migrants’ use of religion in the migration process. International Migration Review, 37, 1145–1153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, G. H. (2006). Illegal migration from Mexico to the United States. Journal of Economic Literature, 44, 869–924.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Helliwell, J. F. (2007). Well-being and social capital: does suicide pose a puzzle? Social Indicators Research, 81, 455–496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, P. C., & Pargament, K. I. (2003). Advances in the conceptualization and measurement of religion and spirituality. American Psychologist, 58, 64–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hodge, D. R., Cardenas, P., & Montoya, H. (2001). Substance use: spirituality and religious participation as protective factors among rural youths. Social Work Research, 25, 153–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hovey, J. D. (1999). Religion and suicidal ideation in a sample of Latin American immigrants. Psychological Reports, 85, 171–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iannacone, L. R. (1994). Why strict churches are strong. American Journal of Sociology, 99, 1180–1211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iannacone, L. R., Olson, D. V. A., & Stark, R. (1995). Religious resources and church growth. Social Forces, 74, 705–731.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jewell, T. R., & Molina, D. J. (2009). Mexican migration to the U.S.: a comparison of income and network effects. Eastern Economic Journal, 35, 144–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanaiaupuni, S. M. (2000). Reframing the migration question: an analysis of men, women, and gender in Mexico. Social Forces, 74, 1311–1347.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kandel, W., & Massey, D. S. (2002). The culture of Mexican migration: a theoretical and empirical analysis. Social Forces, 80, 981–1004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knight, G. P., Roosa, M. W., Calderón-Tena, C. O., & Gonzales, N. A. (2009). Methodological issues in research on Latino populations. In F. Villaruel, G. Carlo, J. Grau, M. Azmitia, N. Cabrera, & J. Chahin (Eds.), Handbook of US Latino psychology. California: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krause, N. (2003). Aging in the church: how social relationships affect health. West Conshohocken: Templeton Foundation Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leach, M. (2000, October 20). Church fills table with wayward offspring. National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1141/is_1_37/ai_66893453/?tag=content;col1.

  • Levin, J. (2010). Religion and mental health; theory and research. International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies, 7, 102–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, J. S., Markides, K. S., & Ray, L. A. (1996). Religious attendance and psychological well-being in Mexican Americans: a panel analysis of three-generation data. The Gerontologist, 36, 454–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levitt, P. (1998). Local-level global religion: the case of US-Dominican migration. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37, 74–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lim, C., & Putnam, R. D. (2010). Religion, social networks, and life satisfaction. American Sociological Review, 75, 914–933.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longest, K. C., & Vaisey, S. (2008). Control or conviction: religion and adolescent initiation of marijuana use. Journal of Drug Issues, 38, 689–715.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marsiglia, F. F., Parsai, M., Kulis, S., & Nieri, T. (2005). God forbid! Substance use among religious and nonreligious youth. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75, 585–598.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, P. H., & Widgren, J. (2002). International migration: facing the challenge. Population Bulletin, 57, 20–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Massey, D. S., & Espinosa, K. E. (1997). What’s driving Mexico-U.S. migration? A theoretical, empirical, and policy analysis. The American Journal of Sociology, 102, 939–999.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Massey, D. S., Arango, J., Hugo, G., Kouaouci, A. P., & Taylor, J. E. (1993). Theories of international migration: a review and apprasal. Population and Development Review, 19, 431–466.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Massey, D. S., Durand, J., & Malone, N. J. (2002). Beyond smoke and mirrors. Mexican immigration in an era of economic integration. New York: Russell Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Masters, K. S., Carey, K. B., Maisto, S. A., Caldwell, P. E., Wolfe, T. V., Hackney, H. L., et al. (2009). Psychometric examination of brief multidimensional measure of religiousness/spirituality among college students. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 19, 106–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, L., Davies, M., & Greenwald, S. (2000). Religiosity and substance use and abuse among adolescents in the National Comorbidity Survey. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 1190–1197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, S. (2000). The impact of religious involvement on migration. Social Forces, 79, 755–783.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nasim, A., Utsey, S. O., Corona, R., & Belgrave, F. Z. (2006). Religiosity, refusal efficacy, and substance use among African-American adolescents and young adults. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 5, 29–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Council of La Raza. (2011). Toward a more youthful and vibrant nation: Latino children in the 2010 US census. Retrieved Oct 28, 2011, from http://issuu.com/nclr/docs/latino_children_in_the_2010_census.

  • Neff, J. A. (2006). Exploring the dimensionality of “religiosity” and “spirituality” in the Fetzer multidimensional measure. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 45, 449–459.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nieri, T., Hoffman, S., Marsiglia, F. F., & Kulis, S. (2011). Interpersonal violence and its association with US migration desires and plans among youths in Guanajuato, Mexico. Journal of International Migration and Integration. Advance online publication. doi:10.1007/s12134-011-0216-2.

  • Nonnemaker, J. M., McNeely, C. A., & Blum, R. W. (2003). Public and private domains of religiosity and adolescent health risk behaviors: evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Social Science & Medicine, 57, 2049–2054.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ojeda, L., Flores, L. Y., Rosales-Meza, R., & Morales, A. (2011). Culturally competent qualitative research with Latino immigrants. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 33, 184–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piko, B. F., & Fitzpatrick, K. M. (2004). Substance use, religiosity, and other protective factors among Hungarian adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 29(6), 1095–1107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, L. H., Shahabi, L., & Thoresen, C. E. (2003). Religion and spirituality: linkages to physical health. American Psychologist, 58, 36–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Resnick, M. D., Ireland, M., & Borowsky, I. (2004). Youth violence perpetration: what protects? What predicts? Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Journal of Adolescent Health, 35(5), 424.e1–424.e1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogler, L. H. (1994). International migrations: a framework for directing research. American Psychologist, 49, 701–708.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sjaastad, L. A. (1962). The costs and returns of human migration. Journal of Political Economy, 70, 80–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C. (2003). Religious participation and network closure among American adolescents. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 42(2), 259–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C., Sikkink, D., & Bailey, J. (1998). Devotion in Dixie and beyond. Journal of the Scientific Study of Religion, 37, 494–506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stinner, W. G., Van Loon, M., & Byun, Y. (1992). Plans to migrate in and out of Utah. Sociology and Social Research, 76, 131–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strawbridge, W. J., Cohen, R. D., Shema, S. J., & Kaplan, G. A. (1997). Frequent attendance at religious services and mortality over 28 years. American Journal of Public Health, 87(6), 957–961.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tamney, J. B., & Johnson, S. D. (1998). The popularity of strict churches. Review of Religious Research, 39, 209–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tran, T. V., Chan, K., & Nguyen, T.-N. (2011). Reliability and validity of a bilingual measure of religiosity in English and Vietnamese: preliminary results from a pilot study. Psychological Reports, 108, 756–762.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • University of Michigan News and Information Services. (1997). Study of worldwide rates of religiosity, church attendance. Retrieved 3/5, 2010, from http://www.ns.umich.edu/index.html?/Releases/1997/Dec97/chr121097a.

  • Van Den Bree, M. B. M., Whitmer, M. D., & Pickworth, W. B. (2004). Predictors of smoking development in a population-based sample of adolescents: a prospective study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 35(3), 172–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Tuburgen, F. (2006). Religious affiliation and attendance among immigrants in eight western countries: individual and contextual effects. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 45, 1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warner, S. R. (1998). Religion and migration in the United States. Social Compass, 45, 123–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wills, T. A., Yaeger, A. M., & Sandy, J. M. (2004). Buffering effect of religiosity for adolescent substance use. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 17(1), 24–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, C. E. (2008). The politics of Latino faith: religion, identity, and urban community. New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Data collection and analysis were supported by the Distinguished Foundation Professorship of Cultural Diversity and Health funded by Arizona State University. Logistical and methodological support was provided by the Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center (SIRC). SIRC is an Exploratory Center of Excellence for health disparities research, funded by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD; P20MD002316-4; PI: Marsiglia, Flavio) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of NIMHD or NIH.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Steven Hoffman.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hoffman, S., Marsiglia, F.F. & Ayers, S.L. Religiosity and Migration Aspirations among Mexican Youth. Int. Migration & Integration 16, 173–186 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-014-0342-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-014-0342-8

Keywords

Navigation