Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Backbone 1H, 13C, and 15N chemical shift assignment for HIV-1 protease subtypes and multi-drug resistant variant MDR 769

  • Article
  • Published:
Biomolecular NMR Assignments Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

HIV-1 protease (HIV-1PR) is an essential drug target in the treatment of patients infected with HIV-1. Mutations are found to arise in over 38 of 99 amino acid sites in this protein in response to drug therapy or natural selection, where many are found combinations that alter enzyme kinetics or inhibitor susceptibility without a clear structural mechanism. In efforts to understand how these mutations alter the flexibility and dynamics of HIV-1PR, we report the backbone 1H, 13C, and 15N chemical shift assignments for subtypes C, circulating recombinant form CRF01_AE and a multi-drug resistant variant MDR 769. These assignments are essential for future work aimed at characterizing backbone dynamics, exchange dynamics and dynamics of protein/substrate or protein/inhibitor interactions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ashorn P, McQuade TJ, Thaisrivongs S, Tomasselli AG, Tarpley WG, Moss B (1991) An inhibitor of the protease blocks maturation of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses and spread of infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:7472–7476

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Delaglio F, Grzesiek S, Vuister GW, Zhu G, Pfiefer J, Bax A (1995) NMRPipe: a multidimensional spectral processing system based on UNIX pipes. J Biomol NMR 6:277–293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freedberg DI, Ishima R, Jacob J, Wang YX, Kustanovich I, Louis JM, Torchia DA (2002) Rapid structural fluctuations of the free HIV protease flaps in solution: relationship to crystal structures and comparison with predictions of dynamics calculations. Protein Sci 11:221–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galiano L, Ding F, Veloro AM, Blackburn ME, Simmerling C, Fanucci GE (2009) Drug pressure selected mutations in HIV-1 protease alter flap conformations. J Am Chem Soc 131:430–431

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kear JL, Blackburn ME, Veloro AM, Dunn BM, Fanucci GE (2009) Subtype polymorphisms among HIV-1 protease variants confer altered flap conformations and flexibility. J Am Chem Soc 131:14650–14651

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longsdon BC, Vickrey JF, Martin P, Proteasa G, Koepke JI, Terlecky SR, Wawrzak Z, Winters MA, Merigan TC, Kovari LC (2004) Crystal structures of a multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease reveal an expanded active-site cavity. J Virology 78:3123–3132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mildner AM, Rothrock DJ, Leone JW, Bannow CA, Lull JM, Reardon IM, Sarcich JL, Howe WJ, Tomich CS, Smith CW (1994) The HIV-1 protease as enzyme and substrate: mutagenesis of autolysis sites and generation of a stable mutant with retained kinetic properties. Biochemistry 33:9405–9413

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prabu-Jeyabalan M, King NM, Nalivaika EA, Heilek-Snyder G, Cammack N, Schiffer CA (2006) Substrate envelope and drug resistance: crystal structure of RO1 in complex with wild-type human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50:1518–1521

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanches M, Krauchenco S, Martins NH, Gustchina A, Wlodawer A, Polikarpov I (2007) Structural characterization of B and non-B subtypes of HIV-protease: insights into the natural susceptibility to drug resistance development. J Mol Biol 369:1029–1040

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spinelli S, Liu QZ, Alzari PM, Hirel PH, Poljak RJ (1991) The three dimensional structure of the aspartyl protease from HIV-1 isolate BRU. Biochimie 73:1391–1396

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Velazquez-Campoy A, Vega S, Freire E (2002) Amplification of the effects of drug resistance mutations by background polymorphisms in HIV-1 protease from African subtypes. Biochemistry 41:8613–8619

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weber IT, Agniswamy J (2009) HIV-1 protease: structural perspectives on drug resistance. Viruses 1:1110–1136

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge Dr. Jeff F. Ellena at UVA for his help with data collection. This work is supported by NSF MBC-0746533 (GEF), UF Department of Chemistry, UF Center for AIDS Research, and by NIH grant AI28571 (BMD). Acquisition of NMR data was supported through the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) and obtained at the Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy (AMRIS) in the McKnight Brain Institute of the University of Florida.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gail E. Fanucci.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOC 2233 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Huang, X., de Vera, I.M.S., Veloro, A.M. et al. Backbone 1H, 13C, and 15N chemical shift assignment for HIV-1 protease subtypes and multi-drug resistant variant MDR 769. Biomol NMR Assign 7, 199–202 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12104-012-9409-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12104-012-9409-7

Keywords

Navigation