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Biological Activities of Artemisinins Beyond Anti-Malarial: a Review

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Abstract

Artemisinins, as a class of bioactive molecules, are mainly derived from the extracts of Artemisia annua L. and are the mainstay for malaria treatment, including severe malaria, uncomplicated malaria and multi-drug resistant malaria. They are well-known for their good tolerability, safety and rapid onset of action. Their efficacy is not only limited to malaria but also extends to a variety of human diseases such as cancer, tuberculosis, viral diseases (e.g. Human cytomegalovirus), immune diseases and parasitic infections like schistosomiasis. Being a cheap and safe drug class, which saves millions of lives at risk from malaria around the globe, can also have significant potential in oncology as they have shown anti-cancer properties in both cell lines and animal models. Active derivatives (e.g. artesunate, artemether and arteether etc.) have also been synthesized which can be used for oral, rectal, intramuscular and intravenous administration. A comprehensive update on the non-malarial use of artemisinins and/or their derivatives and artemisinin-based drug development beyond anti-malarial is discussed in this review. With the collaborative efforts in the clinical pharmacology of artemisinins and novel synthesis of artemisinin analogues, it is likely that artemisinin-based drugs will become an important armamentarium impeding a number of diseases beyond malaria.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China, for providing literature facilities. We are also thankful to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. We would also like to thank Dr. Shujaul Mulk Khan of Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan for his guidance and checking plagiarism in the first draft of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Saeed-ur-Rahman, Sadaf-Ilyas Kayani & Kexuan Tang

  2. School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China

    Muhammad Khalid

  3. Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan

    Farooq Jan

  4. Phytoecology laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan

    Ayaz Ullah

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  1. Saeed-ur-Rahman
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Correspondence to Kexuan Tang.

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Saeed-ur-Rahman, Khalid, M., Kayani, SI. et al. Biological Activities of Artemisinins Beyond Anti-Malarial: a Review. Tropical Plant Biol. 12, 231–243 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12042-019-09228-0

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