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Neuroprotective Effects of Piceatannol on Olfactory Bulb Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

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A Correction to this article was published on 22 April 2023

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Abstract

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) accounts for 5% of all stroke cases and is responsible for significant permanent brain and neurological damage within the first few days. Loss of smell is one of those neurological disorders following olfactory bulb injury after SAH. Olfaction plays a critical role in several aspects of life. The primary underlying mechanism of olfactory bulb (OB) injury and loss of smell after SAH remains unknown. Piceatannol (PIC), a natural stilbene, possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects against various diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of PIC on OB injury following SAH at molecular mechanism based on SIRT1, inflammatory (TNF-α, IL1-β, NF-κB, IL–6, TLR4), and apoptosis (p53, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3)-related gene expression markers and histopathology level; 27 male Wistar Albino rats were used in a pre-chiasmatic subarachnoid hemorrhage model. Animals were divided into groups (n = 9): SHAM, SAH, and PIC. Garcia’s neurological examination, brain water content, RT-PCR, histopathology, and TUNEL analyses were performed in all experimental groups with OB samples. Our results indicated that PIC administration significantly suppressed inflammatory molecules (TNF-α, IL–6, IL1-β, TLR4, NF-κB, SIRT1) and apoptotic molecules (caspase-3, p53, Bax). We also evaluated edema levels and cell damage in OB injury after SAH. Ameliorative effects of PIC are also observed at the histopathology level. Garcia’s neurological score test performed a neurological assessment. This study is the first to demonstrate the neuroprotective effects of PIC on OB injury after SAH. It suggests that PIC would be a potential therapeutic agent for alleviating OB injury after SAH.

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Data Availability

The dataset of this study is available from the corresponding author if requested, and the manuscript also involves the data and materials.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Scientific Research Coordination Unit [BAPD] of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey (Project Number: TSA-2021–3532).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey

    Ali AKAR & Ümit Ali MALÇOK

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey

    Rahime Özlem ÖZTOPUZ

  3. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, İzmir Democracy University, İzmir, Turkey

    Başak BÜYÜK

  4. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey

    Mehmet Akif OVALI & Damla AYKORA

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  1. Ali AKAR
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Contributions

All authors contribute to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation and experimental model were performed by Ali Akar, Ümit Ali Malçok, and Mehmet Akif Ovalı. Rahime Özlem Öztopuz, Başak Büyük, and Damla Aykora performed data collection. Başak Büyük performed histopathology and TUNEL analysis. Rahime Özlem Öztopuz and Mehmet Akif Ovalı performed genetic analysis. Ali Akar and Ümit Ali Malçok wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ümit Ali MALÇOK.

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Ethical Approval

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey. (Decision number protocol number: 2020-E.2000180528).

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Highlights

• SAH is a devastating and widespread form of brain injury, and a gold standard therapy does not exist. Although multiple operational and pharmacological methods have been developed, this entity is still associated with a considerable %50 rate of mortality.

• Loss of smell, which is called anosmia, is one of the neurological disorders for patients recovering from SAH. Anosmia has important side effects on life quality, food intake, social or sexual relationship, and desensitization to environmental dangers such as harmful substances or rotten food.

• PIC is one of the resveratrol analog molecules. In recent years, experimental studies indicated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory curative effects of PIC in several diseases.

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AKAR, A., ÖZTOPUZ, R.Ö., BÜYÜK, B. et al. Neuroprotective Effects of Piceatannol on Olfactory Bulb Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Mol Neurobiol 60, 3695–3706 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-023-03306-x

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