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Peripheral Biomarkers for Early Detection of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases

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Abstract

Neurological disorders are found to be influencing the peripheral tissues outside CNS. Recent developments in biomarkers for CNS have emerged with various diagnostic and therapeutic shortcomings. The role of central biomarkers including CSF-based and molecular imaging-based probes are still unclear for early diagnosis of major neurological diseases. Current trends show that early detection of neurodegenerative diseases with non-invasive methods is a major focus of researchers, and the development of biomarkers aiming peripheral tissues is in demand. Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases are known for the progressive loss in neural structures or functions, including the neural death. Various dysfunctions of metabolic and biochemical pathways are associated with early occurrence of neuro-disorders in peripheral tissues including skin, blood cells, and eyes. This article reviews the peripheral biomarkers explored for early detection of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases including blood cells, skin fibroblast, proteomics, saliva, olfactory, stomach and colon, heart and peripheral nervous system, and others.

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Funding

The authors (BG and PP) acknowledges The Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University MOE Start-Up Grant and MOE Tier-1 grants (2014-T1-001-229-1T1-04/14 and L0421160-1T1-06/15), Singapore.

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  1. Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore

    Thein Than Htike, Sachin Mishra, Sundramurthy Kumar, Parasuraman Padmanabhan & Balázs Gulyás

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Htike, T.T., Mishra, S., Kumar, S. et al. Peripheral Biomarkers for Early Detection of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 56, 2256–2277 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-018-1151-4

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