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Dad’s Snoring May Have Left Molecular Scars in Your DNA: the Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Sleep Disorders

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Abstract

The sleep-wake cycle is a biological phenomena under the orchestration of neurophysiological, neurochemical, neuroanatomical, and genetical mechanisms. Moreover, homeostatic and circadian processes participate in the regulation of sleep across the light–dark period. Further complexity of the understanding of the genesis of sleep engages disturbances which have been characterized and classified in a variety of sleep–wake cycle disorders. The most prominent sleep alterations include insomnia as well as excessive daytime sleepiness. On the other side, several human diseases have been linked with direct changes in DNA, such as chromatin configuration, genomic imprinting, DNA methylation, histone modifications (acetylation, methylation, ubiquitylation or sumoylation, etc.), and activating RNA molecules that are transcribed from DNA but not translated into proteins. Epigenetic theories primarily emphasize the interaction between the environment and gene expression. According to these approaches, the environment to which mammals are exposed has a significant role in determining the epigenetic modifications occurring in chromosomes that ultimately would influence not only development but also the descendants’ physiology and behavior. Thus, what makes epigenetics intriguing is that, unlike genetic variation, modifications in DNA are altered directly by the environment and, in some cases, these epigenetic changes may be inherited by future generations. Thus, it is likely that epigenetic phenomena might contribute to the homeostatic and/or circadian control of sleep and, possibly, have an undescribed link with sleep disorders. An exciting new horizon of research is arising between sleep and epigenetics since it represents the relevance of the study of how the genome learns from its experiences and modulates behavior, including sleep.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, México [PresInvEMR2014]. Funding was given to E.M.-R.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Carretera Mérida-Progreso Km. 15.5, A.P. 96 Cordemex, C.P. 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

    Daniela Morales-Lara & Eric Murillo-Rodríguez

  2. Grupo de Investigación en Envejecimiento, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

    Daniela Morales-Lara & Eric Murillo-Rodríguez

  3. Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

    Daniela Morales-Lara & Eric Murillo-Rodríguez

  4. Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

    Clelia De-la-Peña

  5. Grupo de Investigación Desarrollos Tecnológicos para la Salud, División de Ingeniería y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

    Eric Murillo-Rodríguez

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  1. Daniela Morales-Lara
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Morales-Lara, D., De-la-Peña, C. & Murillo-Rodríguez, E. Dad’s Snoring May Have Left Molecular Scars in Your DNA: the Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Sleep Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 55, 2713–2724 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-017-0409-6

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