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Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Pathogenesis of Traumatic Brain Injury

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Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Studies revealed that the pathogenesis of TBI involves upregulation of MMPs. MMPs form a large family of closely related zinc-dependent endopeptidases, which are primarily responsible for the dynamic remodulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Thus, they are involved in several normal physiological processes like growth, development, and wound healing. During pathophysiological conditions, MMPs proteolytically degrade various components of ECM and tight junction (TJ) proteins of BBB and cause BBB disruption. Impairment of BBB causes leakiness of the blood from circulation to brain parenchyma that leads to microhemorrhage and edema. Further, MMPs dysregulate various normal physiological processes like angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and also they participate in the inflammatory and apoptotic cascades by inducing or regulating the specific mediators and their receptors. In this review, we explore the roles of MMPs in various physiological/pathophysiological processes associated with neurological complications, with special emphasis on TBI.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the US Department of Army Materials and Medical Command under award number W81XWH-15-1-0303.

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  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA

    P. M. Abdul-Muneer, Bryan J. Pfister, James Haorah & Namas Chandra

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  1. P. M. Abdul-Muneer
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Abdul-Muneer, P.M., Pfister, B.J., Haorah, J. et al. Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Pathogenesis of Traumatic Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol 53, 6106–6123 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-015-9520-8

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