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Distinct Amygdalar AMPAergic/GABAergic Mechanisms Promote Anxiolitic-Like Effects in an Unpredictable Stress Model of the Hamster

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Abstract

Studies have pointed to both α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) antagonists and GABAA receptor (GABAAR) agonists as potent antistress agents. In this work, separate subchronic injections of the AMPAR antagonist, 6-ciano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), and α1 GABAAR subunit agonist (Zol) within the central amygdala nucleus modified the elevated plus maze performances of hamsters exposed randomly to one of the following stressful conditions: food/water deprivation, forced swimming test, and permanence in cold room. Indeed, stressed hamsters treated with CNQX or Zol displayed a very great (p < 0.001) increase of entrance plus a moderate (p < 0.05) time spent into open arms, respectively. At the cellular level, Zol-treated animals supplied a moderately evident argyrophilic reaction (indicative of neurodegeneration) in the hippocampus while it was absent in the hypothalamus. Interestingly, this reaction was significantly reduced by CNQX supporting its preferential protective role. Furthermore, both agents were responsible for a mixed expression pattern of GluR1 and GluR2 mRNA levels in which Zol overall upregulated GluR1 mRNAs, while they were downregulated by CNQX in the hippocampal oriens-pyramidalis layer and in layer III of the cerebral cortex. These findings support the amygdalar AMPAergic protective response against anxiety states in chronically stressed hamsters, which may constitute useful therapeutic strategies for panic-related mood disorders.

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Abbreviations

ACS:

Amino cupric silver stain

AMPAR:

α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor

Amy:

Amygdala

BDZ:

Benzodiazepine

BlA:

Basolateral amygdala complex

CeA:

Central amygdala nucleus

CNQX:

6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione

COR:

Cerebral cortex

COR III:

Layer III of the cerebral cortex

CRF:

Corticotrophin-releasing factor

DIG:

Digoxigenin-11-dUTP

EPM:

Elevated plus maze

FST:

Forced swim test

GABAAR:

GABAA receptor

HIP:

Hippocampus

HTH:

Hypothalamus

ISH:

In situ hybridization

NMDARs:

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors

Or-Py:

Oriens-pyramidalis layer of the hippocampus

VMH:

Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

Zol:

Zolpidem

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Acknowledgments

The Italian University Research Ministry (MIUR) and Calabria Region (POR, FSE-2007/2013) have funded this work. All authors declare that this original paper has not been published previously as well as not having any conflict of interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Comparative Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Biology, Ecology & Earth Science Department (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Ponte Pietro Bucci 4B, 87030, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy

    Raffaella Alò, Maria Mele, Ennio Avolio, Gilda Fazzari & Marcello Canonaco

  2. Health Center srl, Biomedical and Nutritional Center, via Sabotino 66, 87100, Cosenza, Italy

    Ennio Avolio

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  1. Raffaella Alò
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  2. Maria Mele
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Correspondence to Raffaella Alò.

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Alò, R., Mele, M., Avolio, E. et al. Distinct Amygdalar AMPAergic/GABAergic Mechanisms Promote Anxiolitic-Like Effects in an Unpredictable Stress Model of the Hamster. J Mol Neurosci 55, 541–551 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-014-0386-4

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