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The Small Chaperone Protein p23 and Its Cleaved Product p19 in Cellular Stress

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Abstract

The presence of misfolded proteins elicits cellular responses including an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response that may protect cells against the toxic buildup of misfolded proteins. Accumulation of these proteins in excessive amounts, however, overwhelms the “cellular quality control” system and impairs the protective mechanisms designed to promote correct folding and degrade misfolded proteins, ultimately leading to organelle dysfunction and cell death. Studies from multiple laboratories have identified the roles of several ER stress-induced cell death modulators and effectors. Earlier, we reported the role of the small co-chaperone protein p23 in preventing ER stress-induced cell death. p23 undergoes caspase-dependent cleavage to yield a 19-kD product (p19), and mutation of this caspase cleavage site not only blocks the formation of the 19-kD product but also attenuates the ER stress-induced cell death process triggered by various stressors. Thus, a critical question is whether p23 and/or p19 could serve as an in vivo marker for neurodegenerative diseases featuring misfolded proteins and cellular stress. In the present study, we used an antibody that recognizes both p23 and p19 as well as a specific neo-epitope antibody that detects only the p19 fragment. These antibodies were used to detect the presence of both these proteins in cells, primary neurons, brain samples from a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and fixed human AD brain samples. While patients with severe AD did display a consistent reduction in p23 levels, our inability to observe p19 in mouse or human AD brain samples suggests that the usefulness of the p23 neo-epitope antibody is restricted to cells and primary neurons undergoing cellular stress.

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Abbreviations

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

pcd:

Programmed cell death

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

GRP:

Glucose-regulated protein

MEF:

Mouse embryonic fibroblasts

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Acknowledgments

We thank members of the Bredesen laboratory for helpful comments and discussions, Dr. David Toft (Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MN) for the human p23 cDNA, and Molly Susag and Rowena Abulencia for administrative assistance. This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health NS33376 to D.E.B. and R.V.R and AG034427-02 to D.E.B.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA, 94945, USA

    Karen S. Poksay, Surita Banwait, Danielle Crippen, Xiao Mao, Dale E. Bredesen & Rammohan V. Rao

  2. University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA

    Dale E. Bredesen

Authors
  1. Karen S. Poksay
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  2. Surita Banwait
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  3. Danielle Crippen
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  4. Xiao Mao
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  5. Dale E. Bredesen
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  6. Rammohan V. Rao
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Correspondence to Rammohan V. Rao.

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Dale E. Bredesen and Rammohan V. Rao share senior authorship.

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Poksay, K.S., Banwait, S., Crippen, D. et al. The Small Chaperone Protein p23 and Its Cleaved Product p19 in Cellular Stress. J Mol Neurosci 46, 303–314 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-011-9574-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-011-9574-7

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