References
Liver Cancer Fact Sheet. Lyon: IARC; International Agency for Research on Cancer. Globocan 2012.
Greten TF, Papendorf F, Bleck JS, Kirchhoff T, Wohlberedt T, Kubicka S, et al. Survival rate in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of 389 patients. Br J Cancer. 2005;92(10):1862–8.
Liu CJ, Kao JH. Hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology and pathogenic role of viral factors. J Chin med Assoc. 2007;70:141–14520.
Parkin DM. The global health burden of infection-associated cancers in the year 2002. Int J Cancer. 2006;118:3030–44.
Smith JB, Blumberg BS. Viral hepatitis, postnecrotic cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet. 1969;2:953.
Liaw YF, Tai DI, Chu CM, Lin DY, Sheen IS, Chen TJ, et al. Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic type B hepatitis. A prospective study. Gastroenterology. 1986;90:263–7.
Beasley RP, Hwang LY, Lin CC, Chien CS. Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus. A prospective study of 22 707 men in Taiwan. Lancet. 1981;2:1129–33.
Chen CJ, Yang HI, Iloeje UH. Hepatitis B virus DNA levels and outcomes in chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2009;49:S72–84.
Petruzziello A, Marigliano S, Loquercio G, Cozzolino A, Cacciaputio C. Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection: an up-date of the distribution and circulation of hepatitis C virus genotypes. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22(34):7824–40.
Colombo M, Kuo G, Choo QL, Donato MF, Del Ninno E, Tommasini MA, et al. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in Italian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet. 1989;2:1006–8.
Frank C, Mohamed MK, Strickland GT, Lavanchy D, ArthurRR MLS, El Khoby T, et al. The role of parenteral antischistosomal therapy in the spread of hepatitis C virus in Egypt. Lancet. 2000;355:887–91.
Mahale P, Torres HA, Kramer JR, Hwang LY, Li R Brown EL, Engels EA. Hepatitis C virus infection and the risk of cancer among elderly US adults: a registry-based case-control study.Cancer 2017 january 24.
Mancebo A, González-Diéguez ML, Cadahía V, Varela M, Pérez R, Navascués CA, et al. Annual incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and identification of risk groups. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;11(1):95–101.
Heckley GA, Jarl J, Asamoah BO, Gerdtham G. How the risk of liver cancer changes after alcohol cessation: a review and meta-analysis of the current literature. BMC Cancer. 2011;11:446.
Groopman JD, Scholl P, Wang JS. Epidemiology of human aflatoxin exposures and their relationship to liver cancer. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1996;395:211–22.
Kucukcakan B, Hayrulai-Musliu Z. Challenging role of dietary aflatoxin B1 exposure and hepatitis B infection on risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Med Sci. 2015;3(2):363–9.
Qian GS, Ross RK, Yu MC, et al. A follow-up study of urinary markers of aflatoxin exposure and liver cancer risk in Shanghai, People’s Republic of China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 1994;3:3–10.
Baffy G, Brunt EM, Caldwell SH. Hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an emerging menace. J Hepatol. 2012;56(6):1384–91.
Petta S, Craxì A. Hepatocellular carcinoma and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: from a clinical to a molecular association. Curr Pharm des. 2010;16(6):741–52.
Yeh SH, Chen P. Gender disparity of hepatocellular carcinoma: the roles of sex hormones. J Oncology. 2010;78(Suppl 1):172–9.
Montella M, D'Arena G, Crispo A, Capunzo M, Nocerino F, Grimaldi M, et al. Role of sex hormones in the development and progression of hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Endocrinol. 2015;2015:854530.
Gomaa IA, Khan SA, Toledano MB, Waked I, Taylor-Robinson SD. Hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology, risk factors and pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14(27):4300–8.
Verme G, Brunetto MR, Oliveri F, Baldi M, Forzani B, Piantino P, et al. Role of hepatitis delta virus infection in hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig dis Sci. 1991;36:1134–6.
Bruno S, Crosignani A, Roffi L, De Lisi S, Rossi S, Boccaccio V, et al. SVR is associated with no risk reduction of HCC development in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis. A prospective, up to 23-years, cohort follow-up study. J Hepatology. 2014;60(Suppl):S224.
Goh GB, Chang PE, Tan CK. Changing epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia. Best Pract res Clin Gastroenterol. 2015;29(6):919–28.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ozakyol, A. Global Epidemiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC Epidemiology). J Gastrointest Canc 48, 238–240 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-017-9959-0
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-017-9959-0