Abstract
Iodine is an essential trace element in the human body. Severe maternal iodine deficiency during pregnancy leads to obvious intellectual disability in the offspring. The effects of iodine deficiency on brain development have been demonstrated, but there is no clear evidence of the effects of iodine excess on brain development. To clarify the effects of iodine excess on the brain development of offspring and to provide clues to the mechanisms underlying the effects of iodine deficiency and iodine excess on the brain development of offspring. In this study, animal models with different iodine intakes were constructed using potassium iodate (KIO3). The models included four experimental groups (low-iodine group one (LI, 0μg/L iodine), low-iodine group two (LII, 5μg/L iodine), high-iodine group one (HI, 3000μg/L iodine), and high-iodine group two (HII, 10000μg/L iodine)) and one control group (NI, 100μg/L iodine). There were 20 female rats in each group, and 8 offspring were chosen from each group following birth to assess metabolic alterations. The metabolites of subsets of brain hippocampal tissue were profiled by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-linked electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI-QTOFMS) and the results were subjected to multivariate data analysis. Differential substances were screened by t test (p<0.05), principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares analysis (PLS-DA, VIP>1). The thyroid function of the female rats in the experimental group was abnormally changed. Metabolic analysis showed that the five groups were separated which revealed significant differences in hippocampal tissue metabolism among the five groups of offspring. A total of 12 potential metabolites were identified, with the majority of them being related to amino acid and energy metabolism. These metabolites are involved in various metabolic pathways, are interrelated, and may play a function in brain development. Our study highlights changes in metabolites and metabolic pathways in the brain hippocampus of offspring rats with different iodine intakes compared to controls, revealing new insights into hippocampal metabolism in offspring rats and new relevant targets.
Highlights
• Findings aid in the understanding of the damaging mechanisms of iodine deficiency and excess.
• Both iodine deficiency and iodine excess caused metabolic disorders in the brain hippocampus of the offspring rats.
• Discovery of differential metabolites of the effects of different iodine intakes on brain development in offspring.
• Metabolic pathways affected by iodine intake include amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and purine metabolism.
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Data Availability
Due to the sensitive nature of the questions asked in this study, survey respondents were assured raw data would remain confidential and would not be shared.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Epidemiology of Harbin Medical University(23618504)and all participants for their techniques.
Funding
This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (LH2020H018) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81703175). We thank the Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Epidemiology of Harbin Medical University (23618504), Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Institute for Iodine Deficiency, and all participants for their techniques and support.
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(I) L Fan, Q Sun: conception and design; (II) H Shen, L Liu: administrative support; (III) F Li, Y Chen: collection and assembly of data; (IV) L Fan, Y He: data analysis and interpretation; (V) all authors: manuscript writing; (VI) all authors: final approval of the manuscript.
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Zhang, L., Fan, L., Li, F. et al. Study on the Effect of Different Iodine Intake on Hippocampal Metabolism in Offspring Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 200, 4385–4394 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-03032-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-03032-2