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Natural Antioxidants Against Arsenic-Induced Genotoxicity

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Abstract

Arsenic is present in water, soil, and air in organic as well as in inorganic forms. However, inorganic arsenic is more toxic than organic and can cause many diseases including cancers in humans. Its genotoxic effect is considered as one of its carcinogenic actions. Arsenic can cause DNA strand breaks, deletion mutations, micronuclei formation, DNA-protein cross-linking, sister chromatid exchange, and DNA repair inhibition. Evidences indicate that arsenic causes DNA damage by generation of reactive free radicals. Nutritional supplementation of antioxidants has been proven highly beneficial against arsenic genotoxicity in experimental animals. Recent studies suggest that antioxidants protect mainly by reducing excess free radicals via restoring the activities of cellular enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants and decreasing the oxidation processes such as lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent literature on arsenic-induced genotoxicity and its mitigation by naturally derived antioxidants in various biological systems.

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Abbreviations

NRC:

National Research Council

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

CAT:

Catalase

GSH:

Glutathione

ALAD:

δ-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase

DMSA:

Meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid

δ-ALA:

δ-Aminolevulinic acid

GPx:

Glutathione peroxidase

SAM:

S-Adenosyl methionine

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

XO:

Xanthine oxidase

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  1. Guru Jambhehswar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India

    Munesh Kumar, Minakshi Lalit & Rajesh Thakur

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Kumar, M., Lalit, M. & Thakur, R. Natural Antioxidants Against Arsenic-Induced Genotoxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 170, 84–93 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-015-0448-7

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