Abstract
In the present study, the effects of dietary supplementation of organic and inorganic Mn, Zn, Cu, and Cr mixtures using two different levels (80, 60, 5, and 0.15 mg/kg and 40, 30, 2.5, and 0.07 mg/kg, respectively) on the bioavailability of these trace minerals and Ca in late-phase laying hens were evaluated. Three hundred and sixty laying hens (Barred Rock) at 50 weeks of age were used, and the duration of study was 16 weeks. Each of the four dietary regimes was randomly assigned to six replicates, which included 15 hens each. Organic trace minerals were provided as methionine chelates; inorganic Mn, Zn, and Cr were provided as oxides; and Cu was provided as sulfate. The organic form significantly increased the concentrations of serum Mn, Zn, Cu, and Ca; egg Mn, Zn, Cu, and Cr; and eggshell Zn and Cr compared with the inorganic form. However, the form of trace minerals did not affect the concentrations of serum Cr and eggshell Mn, Cu, and Ca. High-level addition of trace minerals significantly increased serum Mn and Zn; egg Mn, Zn, Cu, and Cr; and eggshell Mn, Zn, and Cu concentrations compared with low-level addition but did not affect serum Cu, Cr, and Ca or eggshell Cr and Ca concentrations. While the organic form reduced the excretion of Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Ca, the high-level supplement increased Mn, Zn, and Cu excretion. The addition level did not affect Cr and Ca excretion. These results demonstrate that dietary supplementation of an organic Mn, Zn, Cu, and Cr mixture increases the bioavailability of Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Ca compared with inorganic sources and that a lower level of trace mineral supplementation results in lower mineral excretion, particularly in an organic form.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Richards MP (1997) Trace mineral metabolism in the avian embryo. Poult Sci 76:152–164. doi:10.1093/ps/76.1.152
Richards JD, Zhao JZ, Harrel RJ, Atwell CA, Dibner JJ (2010) Trace mineral nutrition in poultry and swine. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 23:1527–1534. doi:10.5713/ajas.2010.r.07
Leeson S (2005) Trace mineral requirements of poultry–validity of the NRC recommendations. In: Taylor-Pickard JA, Tucker LA (eds) Redefining mineral nutrition. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, pp 107–117
Dieck HT, Doring F, Roth HP, Pand H, Daniel H (2003) Changes in rat hepatic gene expression in response to zinc deficiency as assessed by DNA arrays. J Nutr 133:1004–1010
Mezes M, Erdelyi M, Balogh K (2012) Deposition of organic trace metal complexes as feed additives in farm animals. Eur Chem Bull 1:410–413
Yan F, Waldroup PW (2006) Evaluation of Mintrex® manganese as a source of manganese for young broilers. Int J Poult Sci 5:708–713
Keshavarz K (1997) The use of zinc and manganase proteinates on performance and shell quality of laying hens. Alltech’s Ad. Book. Enclosure Code Egg 1 − 3 April
Association of American Feed Control Officials (2005) AAFCO Official publication. Atlanta, GA, pp 307 − 308
Ammerman CB, Henry PR, Miles RD (1998) Supplemental organically-bound mineral compounds in livestock nutrition. In: Garnsworthy PC, Wiseman J (eds) Recent advances in animal nutrition. University Press, Nottingham, pp 67–97
Wedekind KJ, Hortin AE, Baker DH (1992) Methodology for assessing zinc bioavailability: efficacy estimate for zinc methionine, zinc sulphate, and zinc oxide. J Anim Sci 70:178–187
Sell JL (1997) The role of chromium in animal nutrition. National Academy Press, Washington, 80 p
Amatya JL, Haldar S, Ghosh TK (2004) Effects of chromium supplementation from inorganic and organic sources on nutrient utilization, mineral metabolism and meat quality in broiler chickens exposed to natural heat stress. Anim Sci 79:241–253
Sefton AE, Leeson S (2004) Response of broilers fed organic vs. inorganic trace minerals. Int Poult Sci Forum, January 26 − 27. Abstracts, pp 1774
Ji F, Luo XG, Lu L, Liu B, Yu SX (2006) Effect of manganese source on manganese absorption by the intestine of broilers. Poult Sci 85:1947–1952. doi:10.1093/ps/85.11.1947
Mondal MK, Das TK, Biswas P, Samanta CC, Bairagi B (2007) Influence of dietary inorganic and organic copper salt and level of soybean oil on plasma lipids, metabolites and mineral balance of broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 139:212–233
Bahakaim ASA, Magied HAA, Osman SMH, Omar AS, Malak NYA, Ramadan NA (2014) Effect of using different levels and sources of zinc in layer’s diets on egg zinc enrichment. Egypt Poult Sci 34:39–56
Mabe I, Rapp C, Bain MM, Nys Y (2003) Supplementation of a corn-soybean meal diet with manganese, copper, and zinc from organic or inorganic sources improves eggshell quality in aged laying hens. Poult Sci 82:1903–1913. doi:10.1093/ps/82.12.1903
Dobrzanski Z, Korczynskr M, Chojnacka K, Gorecki H, Opalinski S (2008) Influence of organic forms of copper, manganese and iron on bioaccumulation of these metals and zinc in laying hens. J Elementol 13:309–319
Eseceli H, Degirmencioglu N, Bilgic M (2010) The effect of inclusion of chromium yeast (Co-Fator II, Alltech Inc.) and folic acid to the rations of laying hens on performance, egg quality, egg yolk cholesterol, folic acid and chromium levels. J Anim Vet Adv 9:384–391. doi:10.3923/javaa.2010.384.391
National Research Council (1994) Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. NRC, Washington, D. C, USA
Standard Methods (SM) (2005) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association, 21st Edition
Duncan DB (1955) Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11:1–42
Mohanna C, Nys Y (1999) Effect of dietary zinc content and sources on the growth, body zinc deposition and retention, zinc excretion and immune response in chickens. Br Poult Sci 40:108–114. doi:10.1080/00071669987926
Starcher BC (1969) Studies on the mechanism of copper absorption in the chick. J Nutr 97:321–326
Cherian MG (1977) Studies on the synthesis and metabolism of zinc-thionein in rats. J Nutr 107:965–972
Hahn CJ, Evans GW (1975) Absorption of trace metals in the zinc deficient rat. Am J Physiol 228:1020–1023
Sirirat N, Lu JJ, Hung ATY, Lien TF (2013) Effect of different levels of nanoparticles chromium picolinate supplementation on performance, egg quality, mineral retention, and tissues minerals accumulation in layer chickens. J Agric Sci 5:150–159. doi:10.5539/jas.v5n2p150
Piva A, Meola E, Gatta PP, Biagi G, Castellani G, Mordenti AL, Luchansky JB, Silva S, Mordenti A (2003) The effect of dietary supplementation with trivalent chromium on production performance of laying hens and chromium content in the yolk. Anim Feed Sci Technol 106:149–163
Ma W, Gu Y, Lu J, Yuan L, Zhao R (2014) Effects of chromium propionate on egg production, egg quality, plasma biochemical parameters, and egg chromium deposition in late-phase laying hens. Biol Trace Elem Res 157:113–119. doi:10.1007/s12011-013-9875-5
Plaimast H, Sirchakwal P, Puwastien P, Kijparkorn S (2008) Effect of supplementary zinc form organic sources on zinc deposition in eggs and laying performance. Thai J Vet Med 38:47–53
Stahl JL, Cook ME, Creger JL (1988) Zinc, iron and copper contents of eggs from hens fed varying levels of zinc. J Food Compos Anal 1:309–315
Skrivan M, Skrivanove V, Marounek M (2005) Effect of dietary iron, zinc and copper in layer feed on distribution of these elements in eggs, liver, excreta, soil and herbage. Poult Sci 84:1570–1575. doi:10.1093/ps/84.10.1570
Idowu OMO, Ajuwon RO, Oso AO, Akinloye OA (2011) Effects of zinc supplementation on laying performance, serum chemistry and Zn residue in tibia bone, liver, excreta and egg shell of laying hens. Int J Poult Sci 10:225–230
Burrell AL, Dozier WA III, Davis AJ, Compton MM, Freeman ME, Vendrell PF, Ward TL (2004) Responses of broilers to dietary zinc concentrations and sources in relation to environmental implications. Br Poult Sci 45:255–263. doi:10.1080/00071660410001715867
Dozier WA III, Davis AJ, Freeman ME, Ward TL (2003) Early growth and environmental implications of dietary zinc and copper concentrations and sources of broiler chicks. Br Poult Sci 44:726–731. doi:10.1080/00071660310001643714
Hill DA, Peo ER, Lewis AJ (1987) Effect of zinc source and picolinic acid on zinc − 65 uptake in an in vitro continuous flow perfusion system for pigs and poultry intestinal segments. J Nutr 117:1704–1707
Pimentel JL, Cook ME, Greger JL (1991) Bioavailability of zinc-methionine for chicks. Poult Sci 70:1637–1639. doi:10.3382/ps.0701637
Sahin K, Sahin N (2002) Effects of chromium picolinate and ascorbic acid dietary supplementation on nitrogen and mineral excretion of laying hens reared in a low ambient temperature (7 °C). Acta Vet Brno 71:183–189. doi:10.2754/avb200271020183
Uyanık F, Kaya Ş, Kolsuz AH, Eren M, Şahin N (2002) The effect of chromium supplementation on egg production, egg quality and some serum parameters in laying hens. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 26:379–387
Güçlü BK, İşcan KM (2004) Effects of eggshell − 49 supplementation to laying hen diets containing different levels of calcium on performance, egg quality and some blood parameters. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg 51:219–224. doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000000009
Zamani A, Rahmani HR, Pourreza J (2005) Supplementation of a corn-soybean meal diet with manganese and zinc improves eggshell quality in laying hens. Pak J Biol Sci 8:1311–1317. doi:10.3923/pjbs.2005.1311−1317
Bao YM, Choct M, Iji PA, Bruerton K (2010) Trace mineral interactions in broiler chicken diets. Br Poult Sci 51:109–117. doi:10.1080/00071660903571904
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, Ankara, Turkey (TAGEM HAYSÜD/09/13/04/04).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Yenice holds a Ph.D. degree, Poultry Research Station.
Mızrak holds a Ph.D. degree, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies.
Gültekin holds a M.D. degree, Poultry Research Station.
Atik holds a M.D. degree, Poultry Research Station.
Tunca holds a M.D. degree, Poultry Research Station.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yenice, E., Mızrak, C., Gültekin, M. et al. Effects of Organic and Inorganic Forms of Manganese, Zinc, Copper, and Chromium on Bioavailability of These Minerals and Calcium in Late-Phase Laying Hens. Biol Trace Elem Res 167, 300–307 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-015-0313-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-015-0313-8