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Green Fabrication of Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor Using Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Copper (II) Oxide Nanoparticles for Tear Fluid Analysis

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Abstract

In this report, a green, simple, inexpensive, and effective nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor was fabricated using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) decorated with copper (II) oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). Basil seed mucilage (BSM) was served as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents in the synthesis of CuO NPs.

The prepared MWCNT/CuO nanocomposite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrochemical methods. The FTIR results indicated that the nanocomposite surface was covered by BSM. The FESEM results show that the CuO NPs with an average particle size lower than 10 nm have been well distributed on the walls of the MWCNT. The electrochemical behavior of the nanocomposite was explored by studying the electrocatalytic behavior of the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified by the nanocomposite (SPCE-MWCNT/CuO) toward the glucose oxidation. In the optimum conditions, the electrode indicated a wide linear response from 5.0 to 620.0 μM with regression coefficients of 0.992, the sensitivity of 1050 μA mM−1 cm−2, a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.7 μM, and a reproducibility with relative standard deviation (RSD) variations from 3.5 to 11% for three measurements at each point. The obtained results also showed good selectivity to glucose against interfering species such as lactate (LA), L-ascorbic acid (AA), and urea (U) due to the use of the negatively charged BSM in the form of a coating on the nanocomposite surface. The applicability of the sensor was successfully verified by the determination of glucose concentration in artificial tears with a certain amount of glucose.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the University of Isfahan and Roshan Rai Sepahan Ltd. for providing research facilities.

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  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran

    Zahra Asgari Kheirabadi & Mohsen Rabbani

  2. Roshan Rai Sepahan Ltd, Isfahan Science and Technology Town, Isfahan, Iran

    Marzieh Samiei Foroushani

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Zahra Asgari Kheirabadi and Marzieh Samiei Foroushani performed the experiments. Mohsen Rabbani and Marzieh Samiei Foroushani were involved in planning and supervising the work, and both Zahra Asgari Kheirabadi and Marzieh Samiei Foroushani processed the experimental data, performed the analysis, drafted the manuscript, and designed the figures.

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Correspondence to Mohsen Rabbani.

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Asgari Kheirabadi, Z., Rabbani, M. & Samiei Foroushani, M. Green Fabrication of Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor Using Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Copper (II) Oxide Nanoparticles for Tear Fluid Analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 194, 3689–3705 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-022-03936-2

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