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Utilization of Amino Acid-Rich Wastes for Microbial Lipid Production

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Abstract

To produce microbial lipids for biofuel production, carbohydrates and related compounds from biomass have been routinely utilized, yet amino acids (AA) from protein-rich wastes have been overlooked so far. We use the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus ATCC 20509 as a lipid producer and evaluate the capacity for lipid production on proteinogenic AA individually or in designated blends under two-staged culture conditions. It was found that cellular lipid contents reached 48.8%, 44.5% and 29.0% when yeast cells were cultivated in media-contained AA blends with compositional profiles similar to those of sheep viscera, meat industry by-products and fish muscle, respectively, and that lipid coefficients were more than 0.10 g g−1. Furthermore, cellular lipid contents were higher than 20% when most AA were used individually. High lipid coefficients of over 0.23 g g−1 were observed when Pro, Trp or Leu were used as a substrate. Results also indicated that higher initial media pH or reduced phosphate concentration was beneficial for lipid production on AA. This work demonstrated the potential to use AA and related wastes as substrates for microbial lipid production by the yeast C. curvatus, which fit well with the protein-based biorefinery concept. Further efforts should be devoted to recognizing the metabolic features, identifying more robust lipid producer and optimizing lipid production processes.

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Abbreviations

AA:

amino acid

ATCC:

American Type Culture Collection Center

YEPD:

yeast extract peptone dextrose

SVAA:

sheep viscera amino acids

FMAA:

fish muscle amino acids

MIAA:

meat industry by-products amino acids

TCA:

trycarboxylic acid

FAME:

fatty acid methyl esters

MES:

2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid

Ala:

L-alanine

Ser:

L-serine

Gly:

glycine

Thr:

L-threonine

Cys:

L-cysteine

Asp:

L-aspartic acid

Asn:

DL-asparagine

Gln:

L-glutamine

Glu:

L-glutamate

Pro:

L-proline

His:

L-histidine

Arg:

L-arginine

Phe:

L-phenylalanine

Met:

L-methionine

Val:

L-valine

Leu:

L-leucine

Tyr:

L-tyrosine

Ile:

L-isoleucine

Trp:

L-tryptophan

Lys:

L-lysine

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Xiaobin Yang and Mr. Xiaozan Dai for helpful discussions.

Availability of Supporting Data

Additional files 1–4 contain supporting data.

Funding

This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51761145014 and 21721004).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China

    Rasool Kamal, Hongwei Shen, Qiang Li, Qian Wang, Xue Yu & Zongbao Kent Zhao

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China

    Rasool Kamal & Qiang Li

  3. Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China

    Qian Wang, Xue Yu & Zongbao Kent Zhao

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  1. Rasool Kamal
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Contributions

ZKZ and RK conceived the project and designed the experiments. RK, HS, QL and XY performed the experiments. WQ and RK did ion chromatography analysis. RK and ZKZ wrote and revised the manuscript. All authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Zongbao Kent Zhao.

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Kamal, R., Shen, H., Li, Q. et al. Utilization of Amino Acid-Rich Wastes for Microbial Lipid Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 191, 1594–1604 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-020-03296-9

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