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Synovial Joints: from Development to Homeostasis

  • Skeletal Development (E Schanipani and E Zelzer, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Synovial joint morphogenesis occurs through the condensation of mesenchymal cells into a non-cartilaginous region known as the interzone and the specification of progenitor cells that commit to the articular fate. Although several signaling molecules are expressed by the interzone, the mechanism is poorly understood. For treatments of cartilage injuries, it is critical to discover the presence of joint progenitor cells in adult tissues and their expression gene pattern. Potential stem cell niches have been found in different joint regions, such as the surface zone of articular cartilage, synovium, and groove of Ranvier. Inherited joint malformations as well as joint-degenerating conditions are often associated with other skeletal defects and may be seen as the failure of morphogenic factors to establish the correct microenvironment in cartilage and bone. Therefore, exploring how joints form can help us understand how cartilage and bone are damaged and develop drugs to reactivate this developing mechanism.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a NIH-NIAMS Grant 1R01AR057042-03 (to AS), NC-TraCS Institute (NIH-CTSA) (to LL), NIH-NIAMS Grant 1R03AR063232-01 (to LL), and Arthritis National Research Foundation (to LL).

Compliance with Ethics Guidelines

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Conflict of Interest

L Longobardi, T Li, L Tagliafierro, JD Temple, HH Willcockson, P Ye, A Esposito, F Xu, and A Spagnoli all declare no conflicts of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

All studies by the authors involving animal and/or human subjects were performed after approval by the appropriate institutional review boards. When required, written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 109 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7039, USA

    Lara Longobardi, Tieshi Li, Lidia Tagliafierro, Joseph D. Temple, Helen H. Willcockson, Ping Ye, Alessandra Esposito, Fuhua Xu & Anna Spagnoli

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA

    Anna Spagnoli

Authors
  1. Lara Longobardi
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  2. Tieshi Li
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  3. Lidia Tagliafierro
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  4. Joseph D. Temple
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  5. Helen H. Willcockson
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  6. Ping Ye
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  7. Alessandra Esposito
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  8. Fuhua Xu
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  9. Anna Spagnoli
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lara Longobardi.

Additional information

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Skeletal Development

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Longobardi, L., Li, T., Tagliafierro, L. et al. Synovial Joints: from Development to Homeostasis. Curr Osteoporos Rep 13, 41–51 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-014-0247-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-014-0247-7

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