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Using Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Identify Parkinson’s Disease-Relevant Phenotypes

  • Genetics (V Bonifati, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting older individuals. The specific cause underlying dopaminergic (DA) neuron loss in the substantia nigra, a pathological hallmark of PD, remains elusive. Here, we highlight peer-reviewed reports using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to model PD in vitro and discuss the potential disease-relevant phenotypes that may lead to a better understanding of PD etiology. Benefits of iPSCs are that they retain the genetic background of the donor individual and can be differentiated into specialized neurons to facilitate disease modeling.

Recent Findings

Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, ER stress, and alpha-synuclein accumulation are common phenotypes observed in PD iPSC-derived neurons. New culturing technologies, such as directed reprogramming and midbrain organoids, offer innovative ways of investigating intraneuronal mechanisms of PD pathology.

Summary

PD patient-derived iPSCs are an evolving resource to understand PD pathology and identify therapeutic targets.

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Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

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Funding

This work is supported by NIH grants R24OD019803 (M.E.E.), P51OD011106 (M.E.E.), NINDS T32-Neuroscience Training Program (S.C.V.), the UW-Madison Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Graduate Education (M.E.E.), Advancing a Healthier Wisconsin (A.D.E.), and philanthropic support to the Medical College of Wisconsin for Parkinson’s disease research (A.D.E.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, BSB 409, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA

    S. L. Sison & A. D. Ebert

  2. Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA

    S. C. Vermilyea & M. E. Emborg

  3. Preclinical Parkinson’s Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA

    S. C. Vermilyea & M. E. Emborg

  4. Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA

    M. E. Emborg

  5. Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA

    A. D. Ebert

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  1. S. L. Sison
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  2. S. C. Vermilyea
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  3. M. E. Emborg
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Correspondence to A. D. Ebert.

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Allison D. Ebert, Marina Emborg, Samantha Sison and Scott Vermilyea each declare no potential conflicts of interest.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Genetics

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Sison, S.L., Vermilyea, S.C., Emborg, M.E. et al. Using Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Identify Parkinson’s Disease-Relevant Phenotypes. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 18, 84 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-018-0893-8

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