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Modifiable Environmental Factors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease (S Hanauer, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Environmental factors may influence predisposition to develop inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis) or alter its natural history by modification of both the host immune response and intestinal microbial composition. The purpose of this review is to translate such evidence into clinical practice by a focus on interventional studies that have modified such environmental influences to improve disease outcomes.

Recent Findings

Several environmental influences have been identified in the recent literature including tobacco use, diet, antibiotics, vitamin D deficiency, stress, appendectomy, and oral contraceptive use. Some risk factors have similar influences on both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis while others are disease-specific or have divergent effects.

Summary

Emerging epidemiologic evidence has confirmed the association of many of these factors with incident disease using prospective data. In addition, laboratory data has supported their mechanistic plausibility and relevance to intestinal inflammation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA

    Kristin E. Burke & Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan

  2. Division of Gastroenterology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, USA

    Christine Boumitri

  3. Massachusetts General Hospital Crohn’s and Colitis Center, 165 Cambridge Street, 9th Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA

    Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan

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  1. Kristin E. Burke
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  3. Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan
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Correspondence to Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan.

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Ashwin Ananthakrishnan reports serving on scientific advisory boards for Abbvie, Takeda, and Merck, outside the submitted work. Christine Boumitri and Kristin Burke declare no conflict of interest.

Grant Support

Ashwin Ananthakrishnan is supported by funding from the US National Institutes of Health (K23 DK097142) and the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America.

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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Burke, K.E., Boumitri, C. & Ananthakrishnan, A.N. Modifiable Environmental Factors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 19, 21 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-017-0562-0

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