Skip to main content
Log in

Nutrition therapy for hypertension

  • Published:
Current Diabetes Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A contemporary approach to hypertension and prevention are covered in this article. It contains important information for clinicians, such as hypertension management, metabolic syndrome issues, lifestyle behavioral management, nutrient issues, weight loss treatments (ie, medications and surgical procedures) the role of physical activity, and pharmacologic treatment. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trial eating plan is discussed at length, as well as information from recent trials on hypertension, prevention, and treatment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References and Recommended Reading

  1. Treatment of hypertension in adults with diabetes. American Diabetes Association [no authors listed]. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:S80-S82. Recommendations, such as target levels of BP in patients with diabetes, nondrug management of hypertension, and drug therapy, based on the ADA Technical Review ‘Treatment of Diabetes in Adult Patients with Hypertension’.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Kaplan NM: Hypertension and diabetes. J Hum Hypertens 2002, 16(suppl 1):S56-S60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Gans KM, Ross E, Barner CW, et al.: REAP and WAVE: new tools to rapidly assess/discuss nutrition with patients. J Nutr 2003, 133:556S-562S.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Medscape: The obesity epidemic: prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome. http://www.medscape.com/ viewprogram/2015. Accessed February 15, 2003.

  5. Pereira MA, Jacobs DR, Horn LV: Dairy consumption, obesity, and the insulin resistance syndrome in young adults. JAMA 2002, 287:2081–2089.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group [no authors listed]. N Engl J Med 2002, 346:393–403.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Case CC, Jones PH, Nelson K, et al.: Impact of weight loss on the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Obes Metab 2002, 4:407–414.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. The evidence-based nutrition principals and recommendations for the treatment and prevention of diabetes and related complications. American Diabetes Association [no authors listed]. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:S51-S61. This position statement provides evidence-based principles and recommendations for diabetes MNT. The principles and recommendations discussed are classified according to the level of evidence available using the ADA evidence grading system.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Harsha DW, Lin PH, Obarzanek E, et al.: Dietary approaches to stop hypertension: a summary of study results. DASH Collaborative Research Group. J Am Diet Assoc 1999, 99:(8 suppl):S35-S39.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer MS, et al.: Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASHSodium Collaborative Group. N Engl J Med 2001, 344:3–10. The effect of different levels of sodium in conjunction with the DASH diet was studied in those with and without hypertension. The reduction of sodium intake to levels below the current recommendations and the DASH diet both lower BP substantially, with greater effects in combination than singly.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. John JH, Ziebland S, Yudkin P, et al.: Effects of fruit and vegetable consumption on plasma antioxidant concentrations and blood pressure: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2002, 359:1969–1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Miller ER, Erlinger TP, Young D, et al.: Results of the Diet, Exercise, and Weight Loss Intervention Trial (DEW-IT). Hypertension 2002, 5:612–618.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kostis JB, Wilson AC, Shindler DM, et al.: Persistence of normotension after discontinuation of lifestyle intervention in the trial of TONE. Am J Hypertens 2002, 15:732–734.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Health.gov: Dietary Guidelines: Choose sensibly. http://198.102.218.57/dietaryguidlines/dga2000/document/ choose.htm. Accessed February 16, 2003.

  15. Suter PM, Sierro C, Vetter W: Nutritional factors in the control of blood pressure and hypertension. Nutr Clin Care 2002, 5:9–19.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Jee SH, Miller III ER, Guallar E, et al.: The effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Am J Hypertens 2002, 15:691–696.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Mullan BA, Young IS, Fee H, McCance DR: Ascorbic acid reduces blood pressure and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes. Hypertension 2002, 40:804–809.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Block G: Ascorbic acid, blood pressure, and the American diet. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002, 959:180–187.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Fuhrman B, Volkova N, Kaplan M, et al.: Antiatherosclerotic effects of licorice extract supplementation on hypercholesterolemic patients: increased resistance of LDL to atherogenic modifications, reduced plasma lipid levels, and decreased systolic blood pressure. Nutrition 2002, 18:268–273.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Medscape: Natural soy lowers blood pressure in postmenopausal women. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/ 445862_rlinks. Accessed December 29, 2002 [Searcher will need to log in to Medscape, but that is free for all users].

  21. Woodman RJ, Mori TA, Burke V, et al.: Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on glycemic control, blood pressure, and serum lipids in type 2 diabetic patients with treated hypertension. Am J Clin Nutr 2002, 76:1007–1015.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Kris-Etherton PM, Harris WS, Appel LJ: Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2002, 106:2747–2757.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Klag MJ, Wang NY, Meoni LA, et al.: Coffee intake and risk of hypertension. Arch Intern Med 2002, 162:657–662.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Corti R, Binggeli C, Sudano I, et al.: Coffee acutely increases sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure independently of caffeine content. Circulation 2002, 106:2935–2940.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Miles JM, Leiter L, Hollander P: Effect of orlistat in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin. Diabetes Care 2002, 25:1123–1128.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. McNulty SJ, Ur E, Williams G: A randomized trial of sibutramine in the management of obese type 2 diabetic patients treated with metformin. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:125–131.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Haller CA, Jacob III P, Benowitz NL: Pharmacology of ephedra alkaloids and caffeine after single-dose dietary supplement use. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002, 71:421–432.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Dixon JB, O'Brien PE: Health outcomes of severely obese type 2 diabetic subjects 1 year after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Diabetes Care 2002, 25:358–363.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. InteliHealth News Service: How successful dieters keep weight off. http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/ WSIHW000/14220/20704/328226.html?d=dmtICNNews. Accessed February 16, 2003.

  30. McAuley KA, Williams SM, Mann JI, et al.: Intensive lifestyle hanges are necessary to improve insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Care 2002, 25:445–452.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP): Description of lifestyle intervention. The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group [no authors listed]. Diabetes Care 2002, 25:2165–2171. Provides a detailed description of the highly successful lifestyle intervention administered to 1079 participants, which resulted in a 58% reduction in the incidence of diabetes. These behavioral approaches are useful in the treatment and prevention of hypertension.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Haffner S: On behalf of the DPP. Effects of the DPP intervention on CVD risk factors. Paper presented at the American Diabetes Association Scientific Sessions 2003. New Orleans, LA; June 2003.

  33. Laaksonen DE, Lakka HM, Salonen JT, et al.: Low levels of leisure-time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness predict development of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 2002, 25:1612–1618.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Physical activity/exercise and diabetes mellitus. American Diabetes Association [no authors listed]. Diabetes Care 2003, 23:S73-S77.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Labarthe D, Ayala C: Nondrug interventions in hypertension prevention and control. Cardiol Clin 2002, 20:249–263.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs. diuretic. The ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group [no authors listed]. JAMA 2002, 28:2981–2997.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Sica DA, Bakris GL: Type 2 diabetes: RENAAL and IDNT-the emergence of new treatment options. J Clin Hypertens 2002, 4:52–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Moser M: Current recommendations for the treatment of hypertension: are they still valid?. J Hypertens 2002, 20:S3-S10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Zanchetti A, Hansson L, Menard J, et al.: Risk assessment and treatment benefit in intensively treated hypertensive patients of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) study. J Hypertens 2001, 19:819–825.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Schrier RW, Estacio RO, Esler A, et al.: Effects of aggressive blood pressure control in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients on albuminuria, retinopathy and strokes. Kidney Int 2002, 61:1086–1097.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Molitch ME, DeFronzo RA, Franz MJ, et al.: Diabetic nephropathy. American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2003, 26(suppl 1):S94-S98.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Dahlof B, Devereux R, Kjeldsen S, et al.: Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomized trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002, 359:995–1003.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Neutel JM: The use of combination drug therapy in the treatment of hypertension. Cardiovasc Nurs 2002, 17:81–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Haynes RB, McDonald HP, Garg AX: Helping patients follow prescribed treatment. JAMA 2002, 288:2880–2883.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Cushman WC, Ford CE, Cutler JA: Success and predictors of blood pressure control in diverse North American settings: the Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial ALLHAT). JAMA 2002, 4:393–404. Thiazide-type diuretics are superior in preventing one or more major forms of cardiovascular disease and are less expensive. They should be preferred for first-step antihypertensive therapy.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Cost-effectiveness of intensive glycemic control, intensified hypertension control, and serum cholesterol level reduction for type 2 diabetes. The CDC Diabetes Cost-Effectiveness Group [no authors listed]. JAMA 2002, 287:2542–2551.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zimmerman, E., Wylie-Rosett, J. Nutrition therapy for hypertension. Curr Diab Rep 3, 404–411 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-003-0085-y

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-003-0085-y

Keywords

Navigation