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Is Any Cardiovascular Disease-Specific DNA Methylation Biomarker Within Reach?

  • Genetics and Genomics (A.J. Marian, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Atherosclerosis Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

A detailed understanding of the epigenome of cardiovascular disease (CVD) should broaden current insights into mechanisms of atherogenesis and help identify suitable biomarkers for disease risk and progression. This review addresses the question whether a consensus has been reached on identifying the main aberrant DNA methylation profile in CVD. Additionally, it presents advances and setbacks in the search for specific CVD biomarkers.

Recent Findings

Although the literature points to DNA hypermethylation as an epigenetic landmark of CVD, inconsistencies are significant. In particular, the DNA methylomes of peripheral blood cells and the vascular wall do not show a consistent direction of change in all studies. An additional significant hurdle is the relatively low study-to-study reproducibility and the difficulty to assess specificity for CVD. Nonetheless, a number of biologically plausible markers have been proposed that warrant further studies.

Summary

An integrated model for dynamic changes of DNA methylation during the natural history of atherosclerosis predisposition and progression is presented, that might reconcile conflicting findings. Cohort design and technical criteria for DNA methylation analysis need to be further homogenized to allow for meaningful validation. As stable DNA methylation profiles are likely determined by genetic variants, many of which might control a range of diseases, it is anticipated that CVD biomarker discovery will be a delicate balancing act between reproducibility and specificity.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Mexican National Council for Research and Technology (CONACyT) Basic Science ("Ciencia Básica) grant no. A1-S-51654 to G.L.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jal., Mexico

    Carmen de la Rocha

  2. Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Leon Campus, University of Guanajuato, Leon, Gto., Mexico

    Silvio Zaina

  3. Department of Genetic Engineering, CINVESTAV Irapuato Unit, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, 36824, Irapuato, Gto., Mexico

    Gertrud Lund

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  1. Carmen de la Rocha
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Correspondence to Gertrud Lund.

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Carmen de la Rocha and Gertrud Lund declare no conflict of interest. Dr. Zaina has a patent “Nanoparticle-based epigenome editing in atherosclerosis” pending to University of Guanajuato and a patent “Peptide-based epigenome editing in atherosclerosis” pending to University of Guanajuato.

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de la Rocha, C., Zaina, S. & Lund, G. Is Any Cardiovascular Disease-Specific DNA Methylation Biomarker Within Reach?. Curr Atheroscler Rep 22, 62 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-020-00875-3

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