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Oxidation in Reused Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V Feedstock: A Brief Review

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Abstract

Unmelted titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) feedstock powder oxidizes during powder bed fusion additive manufacturing. This review focuses on the potential effect variations of the powder reuse method may have on the oxidation rate over multiple builds in both electron beam and laser powder bed fusion processes. No correlation of the oxidation rate based on the powder reuse method has been observed, but significant variation in the oxidation rate has been observed between reuse methods. The authors feel that these results highlight a need for better reporting of the details of the powder reuse method (e.g., mixing) to appropriately assess the potential for the reuse method to affect the oxidation rate. Recommendations for powder reuse and details for a higher level of reporting are provided. Multiple instances of variable oxidation rate within a given experiment have been observed. The implications of this heterogeneity on mechanical property variability might be significant.

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Notes

  1. Commercial names are identified in order to adequately specify the experimental procedure. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the NIST, and nor does it imply that they are necessarily the best available for the purpose.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Jake Benzing, Ed Garboczi, and Justin Whiting for their helpful comments and discussions. This research was performed while N. Derimow held a National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

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Derimow, N., Hrabe, N. Oxidation in Reused Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V Feedstock: A Brief Review. JOM 73, 3618–3638 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04872-y

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