Abstract
The evaporation duct, a result of evaporation from the ocean, is a region above the sea surface in which radio waves are refracted downward. This duct has strong effects on microwave instruments. Typhoons cause huge anomalies in marine meteorological parameters that influence the evaporation duct distribution and structure, which in turn affects the propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves. However, EM wave propagation under the typhoon process has seldom been reported. Thus, taking Typhoon Phanfone (201929) as an example, this study uses a dataset from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, combined with the Naval Atmospheric Vertical Surface Layer Model and the parabolic equation model, to study the evaporation duct’s impact on EM wave propagation during a typhoon. The spatial and temporal path loss distributions reveal that large amounts of EM wave energy are emitted from the evaporation duct when the EM wave passes through a typhoon eye. On average, a typhoon eye causes an approximately 20 dB increase in path loss for EM wave propagation at low antenna height. Furthermore, the effects of a typhoon eye on EM wave propagation at different signal frequencies and antenna heights are studied. The results show that a typhoon has a larger impact on EM wave propagation with low signal frequency and high antenna height.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42076198 and 4190 6160), and in part by the Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University (No. CX2022008). The authors would like to thank Professor Xiujun Sun and his team from the Ocean University of China for providing the wave glider observation data used in this paper. The authors also would like to thank Japan Meteorological Agency, ECMWF and JAMSTEC for providing the typhoon track data, reanalysis data, and buoy data used in this paper. The typhoon track data, reanalysis data, and buoy data could be available through Japan Meteorological Agency 2019, Hersbach et al. (2020) and Kuroda and Amitani (2001) respectively.
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Wang, S., Yang, K., Shi, Y. et al. Impact of Evaporation Duct on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation During a Typhoon. J. Ocean Univ. China 21, 1069–1083 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-022-4967-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-022-4967-5