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Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Volcanic Rocks from the Continent-Ocean Transition Zone in Northern South China Sea and Their Tectonic Implications

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Abstract

Miocene-Pliocene (22–5 Myr) volcanism and associated seamounts are abundant in the continent-ocean transition (COT) zone in the margin of the north South China Sea (SCS). The petrogenesis of volcanic rocks from these seamounts and regional tectonic evolution of COT zone are poorly known. In this paper, we obtained whole-rock major and trace element compositions and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data for these volcanic rocks from the Puyuan and Beipo seamounts within COT zone, in northeastern SCS. Based on the geochemical analyses, the volcanic rocks are classified as alkaline ocean island basalts (OIB) and enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts (E-MORB). The OIBs from the Puyuan seamount are alkaline trachybasalts and tephrites that show enrichment of the light rare earth elements (LREE) relative to heavy rare earth elements (HREE) and more radiogenic Sr-Nd isotopic compositions, and have significant ‘Dupal isotopic anomaly’. In contrast, the E-MORBs from the Beipo seamount are tholeiitic basalts that have less enrichment in LREE and less radiogenic Sr-Nd isotopic compositions than the counterparts from the Puyuan seamount. Petrological and geochemical differences between the OIBs and MORBs from these two seamounts can be explained by different mantle sources and tectonic evolution stages of the COT zone. Syn-spreading OIB type basalts from the Puyuan seamount were derived from an isotopically ‘enriched’, and garnet facies-dominated pyroxenitic mantle transferred by the Hainan mantle plume. In contrast, post-spreading E-MORB type basalts from the Beipo seamount are considered to be derived from the melting of isotopically ‘depleted’ pyroxenite mantle triggered by lithosphere bending and subsequent post-rifting at the lower continental slope of the northern margin.

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Acknowledgements

This study was jointly supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFC0309802), the 13th Five- Year Plan Program of the China Ocean Mineral Resour- ces Research and Development Association Research (No. DY135-S2-2-08), the Soft Science Project of Shandong Province Key Research and Development Plan (No. 2019 RZA02002), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2017M610403), and the Taishan Scholar Project Funding (No. tspd20161007).

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  1. Deep Sea Interdisciplinary Center, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China

    Yue Xu, Hongjun Yu & Baohua Liu

  2. National Deep Sea Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266237, China

    Yue Xu, Yaoming Yang, Hongjun Yu, Wei Gao, Xiangxing Gao, Baohua Liu, Xu Tian, Jichao Yang & Wenquan Zhang

  3. College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China

    Yue Xu

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Xu, Y., Yang, Y., Yu, H. et al. Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Volcanic Rocks from the Continent-Ocean Transition Zone in Northern South China Sea and Their Tectonic Implications. J. Ocean Univ. China 19, 1051–1061 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-020-4231-9

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