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Functional analyses of the maize CKS2 gene promoter in response to abiotic stresses and hormones

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Abstract

In our previous research, we showed that the cyclin-dependent kinase regulatory subunit (CKS2) in maize (Zea mays L.) was induced by water deficit and cold stress. To elucidate its expression patterns under adversity, we isolated and characterized its promoter (PZmCKS2). A series of PZmCKS2-deletion derivatives, P0–P3, from the translation start code (−1,455, −999, −367, and −3 bp) was fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene, and each deletion construct was analyzed by Agrobacterium-mediated steady transformation into Arabidopsis. Leaves were then subjected to dehydration, cold, abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA). Sequence analysis showed that several stress-related cis-acting elements (MBS, CE3, TGA element, and ABRE) were located within the promoter. Deletion analysis of the promoter, PZmCKS2, suggested that the −999 bp promoter region was required for the highest basal expression of GUS, and the −367 bp sequence was the minimal promoter for ZmCKS2 activation by low temperature, ABA, and MeJA. The cis-acting element ABRE was necessary for promoter activation by exogenous ABA.

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Abbreviations

4-MU:

4-Methylumbelliferone

ABRE:

Abscisic acid-responsive element

CRT/DRE:

C-repeat/dehydration-responsive element

CDK:

Cyclin-dependent kinases

CE3:

Coupling element

CKS:

Cyclin-dependent kinase unit

GUS:

Glucuronidase

MeJA:

Methyl jasmonic acid

MS:

Murashige and Skoog medium

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

SA:

Salicylic acid

ABA:

Abscisic acid

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Acknowledgments

This research was funded by the Twelfth Five Year Plan Project of Science and Technology Support, P. R. China (2012BAD19B04, 2014BAD14B02), the Ministry of Agriculture Key Project of GM Cultivation of New Varieties, P. R. China (2013ZX08004004), and the Research and Development of Industrial Technology Special at Jilin Provincial Development and Reform Commission (2013C001). We express our sincere appreciation to the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments, which greatly aided us in improving the quality of the paper.

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  1. College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China

    Fengting Wang, Jinliang Liu, Jingtao Li, Shihong Zhang & Hongyu Pan

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  1. Fengting Wang
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  2. Jinliang Liu
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  3. Jingtao Li
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Correspondence to Hongyu Pan.

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Communicated by M. Hajduch.

F. Wang and J. Liu equally contributed to this manuscript.

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Wang, F., Liu, J., Li, J. et al. Functional analyses of the maize CKS2 gene promoter in response to abiotic stresses and hormones. Acta Physiol Plant 36, 1867–1878 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-014-1563-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-014-1563-3

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