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Glutathione regulates enzymatic antioxidant defence with differential thiol content in perennial pepperweed and helps adapting to extreme environment

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Abstract

Perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium Linn.) is a preferred ‘phytofood’ that is available for the longest period of a year in Ladakh. Present study was undertaken to identify the mechanism of redox homeostasis and understand factors responsible for its biochemical superiority during low temperatures. Results reveal that despite the stressful environment at higher altitude, the cellular conditions are more reducing for this plant. The reducing environment is maintained by significant induction of GSH rather than changes in its oxidation state, which changes the redox potential by 12 mV. Lower ratio of NADP+/NADPH and induction of new antioxidative isozymes at Leh (3,505 m) suggest crucial role of redox regulation in adaptation. These new proteins have higher thiol content and could provide an efficient redox sensing mechanism in Lepidium latifolium that respond through GSH/NADPH redox buffers. In vitro feeding experiment suggested that GSH plays an important role in induction of antioxidant enzymes, which may not be the direct consequence of H2O2 accumulation. It needs to be further investigated whether its responsive redox metabolism has some role in its invasive growth in riparian plains of America.

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Abbreviations

ASC/DHA:

Reduced and oxidized form of ascorbate

DCPIP:

2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol

DPPH:

1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl

GSH/GSSG:

Reduced and oxidized form of glutathione

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

NAD+/NADH:

Reduced and oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NADP+/NADPH:

Reduced and oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TBA:

2-thiobarbituric acid

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Acknowledgments

Authors would like to thank anonymous reviewers for suggesting necessary changes in improving the quality of manuscript. Authors thank the Director, IIIM, Jammu for providing necessary facilities to carry out the work. Authors are grateful to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India, for financial support under CSIR- networking project (BSC-0109) on ‘Plant Diversity: Studying adaptation biology and understanding/exploiting medicinally important plants for useful bioactives (SIMPLE)’.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180001, India

    Tarandeep Kaur & Dhiraj Vyas

  2. Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180001, India

    Tarandeep Kaur, Hilal A. Bhat, Anuj Raina, Sushma Koul & Dhiraj Vyas

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  1. Tarandeep Kaur
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Correspondence to Dhiraj Vyas.

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Communicated by L. Bavaresco.

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Kaur, T., Bhat, H.A., Raina, A. et al. Glutathione regulates enzymatic antioxidant defence with differential thiol content in perennial pepperweed and helps adapting to extreme environment. Acta Physiol Plant 35, 2501–2511 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-013-1286-x

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