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Root restriction affected anthocyanin composition and up-regulated the transcription of their biosynthetic genes during berry development in ‘Summer Black’ grape

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Abstract

Root restriction was applied to ‘Summer black’ grape (Vitis vinifera L. × Vitis labrusca L.) to investigate its effect on anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape berry during development. Anthocyanin composition and expression patterns of 16 genes in anthocyanin pathway were thus analyzed. The results showed that the anthocyanin levels in berry skin were significantly increased and the anthocyanin profile was enriched. Gene expression pattern revealed that the increased anthocyanins coincide with the up-regulated expression of all 16 genes investigated, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 4-coumarate CoA ligase, chalcone synthase 1, chalcone synthase 2, chalcone synthase 3, chalcone isomerase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase 1, flavanone 3-hydroxylase 2, flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H), flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H), di-hydroflavonol 4-reductase, leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase, O-methyltransferases (OMT), UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyl-transferase (3GT), UDP-glucose:flavonoid 5-O-glucosyl-transferase (5GT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). The increased total anthocyanins predominantly resulted from the increase of tri-hydroxylated, methoxylated and mono-glycosylated rather than di-hydroxylated, non-methoxylated, and di-glycosylated forms, which might be due to the differential regulation of F3′5′H/F3′H, OMT and 3GT, respectively.

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Abbreviations

TSS:

Total soluble solid

TA:

Titratable acid

Cy:

Cyanidin

Pn:

Peonidin

Dp:

Delphinidin

Pt:

Petunidin

Mv:

Malvidin

Pg:

Pelargonidin

PAL:

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

C4H:

Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase

4CL:

4-Coumarate CoA ligase

CHS:

Chalcone synthase

CHI:

Chalcone isomerase

F3H:

Flavanone 3β-hydroxylase

F3′H:

Flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase

F3′5′H:

Flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase

DFR:

Di-hydroflavonol 4-reductase

LDOX:

Leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase

OMT:

O-Methyltransferase

3GT:

UDP-Glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase

5GT:

UDP-Glucose:flavonoid 5-O-glucosyltransferase

ACT:

Anthocyanin acyltransferase

Glu:

Glucoside

GST:

Glutathione S-transferase

DAA:

Days after anthesis

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Special Funds of Modern Industrial Technology System for Agriculture (CARS-30) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (31201580/C150101). We wish to thank Dr. Juan Xu from National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, for her comments and corrections.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Bo Wang, Jianjun He, Xiuming Yu, Jiefa Li, Caixi Zhang, Wenping Xu & Shiping Wang

  2. Guangxi Nanning Xiangsi Grape Agriculture and Technology Limited Company, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China

    Yang Bai

  3. Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, China

    Xianjin Bai

  4. Grape and Wine Research Institute of Guangxi Agriculture Science Academy, Nanning, 530007, China

    Xiongjun Cao

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  1. Bo Wang
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  2. Jianjun He
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  3. Yang Bai
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Correspondence to Shiping Wang.

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Communicated by L. Bavaresco.

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Wang, B., He, J., Bai, Y. et al. Root restriction affected anthocyanin composition and up-regulated the transcription of their biosynthetic genes during berry development in ‘Summer Black’ grape. Acta Physiol Plant 35, 2205–2217 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-013-1257-2

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