Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Comparative analysis of some biochemical responses of three indica rice varieties during polyethylene glycol-mediated water stress exhibits distinct varietal differences

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Extensive investigation into plant response and adaptation to diverse osmotic stresses like high salt/dehydration/low temperature, involving a broad spectrum of cellular physiological and biochemical changes, is essential to unravel intrinsic mechanism to mitigate against such stresses. In our previous communications, we conducted biochemical analyses of indica rice varieties, subjected to exogenous salt/abscisic acid-mediated oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to compare differential biochemical responses of the salt-sensitive (IR-29), salt-tolerant (Pokkali) and aromatic (Pusa Basmati or PB) rice varieties during polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced dehydration stress. The greater susceptibility of IR-29 and PB, to water scarcity, was reflected by the higher toxic Na+ and putrescine accumulation, considerable decrease in (reduced/oxidized) glutathione, maximal increment in protease activity and greater downregulation of nitrate reductase activity. On the other hand, Pokkali appeared to suffer lesser damages as evidenced from much lower endogenous Na+ but higher K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ accumulation, registering the highest levels of osmolytes like glycinebetaine and higher polyamines (spermidine and spermine) accounting to improved relative water content, higher (reduced/oxidized) glutathione, maximal induction of the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and practically unhindered nitrate reductase activity, following PEG treatment. The highest induction of sugars and proline in IR-29 and PB probably played the osmoprotective/antioxidative functions, enabling to a certain extent to heighten their lipoxygenase inhibition or H2O2 scavenging potential, more than Pokkali, to ward off oxidative damages and sustain survival under critical dehydrated situations. Thus, the salt-tolerant Pokkali also showed prominent dehydration-tolerance properties, whereas the aromatic rice PB, almost identical in their biochemical responses to IR-29, showed greater sensitivity to PEG-mediated water deficit.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

GB:

Glycinebetaine

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

GSSG:

Oxidative glutathione

LOX:

Lipoxygenase

NR:

Nitrate reductase

PA:

Polyamine

PAL:

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

RWC:

Relative water content

References

  • Al Hakimi A, Monneveux P, Galiba G (1995) Soluble sugars, proline and relative water content (RWC) as traits for improving drought tolerance and divergent selection for RWC from T. polonicum into T. durum. J Genet Breed 49:237–244

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Azedo-Silva J, Osorio J, Fonseca F, Correia MJ (2004) Effects of soil drying and subsequent re-watering on the activity of nitrate reductase in roots and leaves of Helianthus annuus. Funct Plant Biol 31:611–621

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baki GKA-E, Siefritz F, Man H-M, Weiner H, Kaldenho VR, Kaiser WM (2000) Nitrate reductase in Zea mays L. under salinity. Plant Cell Environ 23:515–521

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barr HD, Weatherley PE (1962) A re-examination of the relative turgidity technique for estimating water deficit in leaves. Aust J Biol Sci 15:413–428

    Google Scholar 

  • Basu S, Roychoudhury A, Saha PP, Sengupta DN (2010) Differential antioxidative responses of indica rice cultivars to drought stress. Plant Growth Regul 60:51–59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bate NJ, Orrt J, Nit W, Meromit A, Nadler-hassar T, Doerner PW, Dixon RA, Lamb CJ, Elkind Y (1994) Quantitative relationship between phenylalanine ammonia-lyase levels and phenylpropanoid accumulation in transgenic tobacco identifies a rate determining step in natural product synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:7608–7612

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Botrel A, Magne C, Kaiser WM (1996) Nitrate reduction, nitrite reduction and ammonium assimilation in barley roots in response to anoxia. Plant Physiol Biochem 34:645–652

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boudet AM (2000) Lignins and lignification: selected issues. Plant Physiol Biochem 38:81–96

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradford MM (1976) Rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing principle of protein–dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaves MM, Oliveira MM (2004) Mechanisms underlying plant resilience to water deficits: prospects for water-saving agriculture. J Exp Bot 55:2365–2384

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chazen O, Neumann PM (1994) Hydraulic signals from roots and rapid cell-wall hardening in growing maize (Zea mays L.) leaves are primary responses to polyethylene glycol-induced water deficits. Plant Physiol 104:1385–1392

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Correia MJ, Fonseca F, Azedo-Silva J, Dias C, David MM, Barrote I, Osorio ML, Osorio J (2005) Effects of water deficit on the activity of nitrate reductase and content of sugars, nitrate and free amino acids in the leaves and roots of sunflower and white lupin plants growing under two nutrient supply regimes. Physiol Plant 124:61–70

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cruz de Carvalho MH, d’Arcy-Lameta A, Roy-Macauley H, Gareil M, El Maarouf H, Pham-Thi AT, Zuily-Fodil Y (2001) Aspartic protease in leaves of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp): enzymatic activity, gene expression and relation to drought susceptibility. FEBS Lett 492:242–246

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D’Cunha GB, Satyanarayan V, Nair PM (1996) Purification of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from Rhodotorula glutinis. Phytochem 42:17–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Demiral T, Turkan I (2004) Does exogenous glycinebetaine affect antioxidative system of rice seedlings under NaCl treatment? J Plant Physiol 161:1089–1100

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubey RS (1982) Biochemical changes in germinating rice seeds under saline stress. Biochem Physiol Pflanzen 179:523–535

    Google Scholar 

  • Fadzilla NM, Finch RP, Burdon RH (1997) Salinity, oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in shoot cultures of rice. J Exp Bot 48:325–331

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrario S, Valadier M-H, Foyer CH (1996) Short-term modulation of nitrate reductase activity by exogenous nitrate in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia and Zea mays leaves. Planta 199:366–371

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gill PK, Sharma AD, Singh P, Bhullar SS (2001) Effect of various abiotic stresses on the growth, soluble sugars and water relations of sorghum seedlings grown in light and darkness. Bulg J Plant Physiol 27:72–84

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grattan SR, Grieve CM (1985) Betaine status in wheat in relation to nitrogen stress and to transient salinity stress. Plant Soil 85:3–9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Griffith OW (1980) Determination of glutathione and glutathione disulfide using glutathione reductase and 2-vinylpyridine. Anal Biochem 106:207–212

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harinasut P, Tsutsui K, Takabe T, Nomura M, Takabe T, Kishitani S (1996) Exogenous glycinebetaine accumulation and increased salt-tolerance in rice seedlings. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 60:366–368

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hasegawa PM, Bressan RA, Zhu J-K, Bohnert HJ (2000) Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 51:463–499

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hieng B, Ugrinovic K, Sustar-Vozlic J, Kidric M (2004) Different classes of proteases are involved in the response to drought of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivars differing in sensitivity. J Plant Physiol 161:519–530

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kameli A, Losel DM (1993) Carbohydrates and water status in wheat plants under water stress. New Phytol 125:609–614

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kavi Kishor PB, Sangam S, Amrutha RN, Sri Laxmi P, Naidu KR, Rao KRSS, Rao S, Reddy KJ, Theriappan P, Sreenivasulu N (2005) Regulation of proline biosynthesis, degradation, uptake and transport in higher plants: its implications in plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance. Curr Sci 88:424–438

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerpesi I, Galiba G (2000) Osmotic and salt stress-induced alteration in soluble carbohydrate content in wheat seedlings. Crop Sci 40:482–487

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurthy R, Bhagwat KA (1989) Polyamines as modulators of salt tolerance in rice cultivars. Plant Physiol 91:500–504

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larsson M, Larsson C-M, Whitford PN, Clarkson DT (1989) Influence of osmotic stress on nitrate reductase activity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and the role of abscisic acid. J Exp Bot 40:1265–1271

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee B-R, Kim K-Y, Jung W-J, Avice J-C, Ourry A, Kim T-H (2007) Peroxidases and lignification in relation to the intensity of water-deficit stress in white clover (Trifolium repens L.). J Exp Bot 58:1271–1279

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lejay L, Quillere′ I, Roux Y, Tillard P, Cliquet J-B, Meyer C, Morot-Gaudry J-F, Gojon A (1997) Abolition of posttranscriptional regulation of nitrate reductase partially prevents the decrease in leaf NO3 − reduction when photosynthesis is inhibited by CO2 deprivation, but not in darkness. Plant Physiol 115:623–630

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay H (1973) A colorimetric estimation of reducing sugars in potato with 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid. Potato Res 16:176–179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu HP, Dong BH, Zhang YY, Liu ZP, Liu YL (2004) Relationship between osmotic stress and the levels of free, conjugated and bound polyamines in leaves of wheat seedlings. Plant Sci 166:1261–1267

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naussaume L, Vincentz M, Meyer C, Boutin JP, Caboche M (1995) Post-transcriptional regulation of nitrate reductase by light is abolished by an N-terminal deletion. Plant Cell 7:611–621

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Noctor G, Foyer CH (1998) Ascorbate and glutathione: keeping active oxygen under control. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 49:249–279

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noctor G, Arisi ACM, Jouanin L, Kunert KJ, Rennenberg H, Foyer CH (1998) Glutathione: biosynthesis, metabolism and relationship to stress tolerance explored in transformed plants. J Exp Bot 49:623–647

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paleg LG, Stewart GR, Bradbeer JW (1984) Proline and glycine betaine influence protein solvation. Plant Physiol 75:974–978

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perez-Alfocea F, Larher F (1995) Effects of phlorizin and p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid on sucrose and proline accumulation in detached tomato leaves submitted to NaCl and osmotic stresses. J Plant Physiol 145:367–373

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prado FE, Boero C, Gallardo M, Gonzalez JA (2000) Effect of NaCl on germination, growth and soluble sugar content in Chenopodium quinoa wild seeds. Bot Bull Acad Sin 41:27–34

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roychoudhury A, Gupta B, Sengupta DN (2008a) Trans-acting factor designated OSBZ8 interacts with both typical abscisic acid responsive elements as well as abscisic acid responsive element-like sequences in the vegetative tissues of indica rice cultivars. Plant Cell Rep 27:779–794

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roychoudhury A, Basu S, Sarkar SN, Sengupta DN (2008b) Comparative physiological and molecular responses of a common aromatic indica rice cultivar to high salinity with non-aromatic indica rice cultivars. Plant Cell Rep 27:1395–1410

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roychoudhury A, Basu S, Sengupta DN (2009) Effects of exogenous abscisic acid on some physiological responses in a popular aromatic indica rice compared with those from two traditional non-aromatic indica rice cultivars. Acta Physiol Plant 31:915–926

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruch RJ, Cheng S-J, Klaunig E (1989) Prevention of cytotoxicity and inhibition of intercellular communication by antioxidant catechins isolated from Chineese green tea. Carcinogenesis 10:1003–1008

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sadeghian SY, Mohammadian R, Taleghani DF, Abdollahian-Noghabi M (2004) Relation between sugarbeet traits and water use efficiency in water stressed genotypes. Pak J Biol Sci 7:1236–1241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sahsah Y, Campos P, Gareil M, Zuily-Fodil Y, Pham-Thi AT (1998) Enzymatic degradation of polar lipids in Vigna unguiculata leaves and influence of drought stress. Physiol Plant 104:577–586

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sengupta S, Lahiri Majumder A (2009) Insight into the salt tolerance factors of a wild halophytic rice, Porteresia coarctata: a physiological and proteomic approach. Planta 229:911–929

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shao HB, Chu LY, Jaleel CA, Manivannan P, Panneerselvam R, Shao MA (2009) Understanding water deficit stress-induced changes in the basic metabolism of higher plants—biotechnologically and sustainably improving agriculture and the ecoenvironment in arid regions of the globe. Crit Rev Biotechnol 29:131–151

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma P, Dubey RS (2005) Modulation of nitrate reductase activity in rice seedlings under aluminium toxicity and water stress: role of osmolytes as enzyme protectant. J Plant Physiol 162:854–864

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shobana S, Naidu KA (2000) Antioxidant activity of selected Indian spices. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 62:107–110

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sofo A, Dichio B, Xiloyannis C, Masia A (2004) Lipoxygenase activity and proline accumulation in leaves and roots of olive trees in response to drought stress. Physiol Plant 121:58–65

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Syvertsen JP, Lloyd J, Kriedemann PE (1988) Salinity and drought stress effects on foliar ion concentration, water relations, and photosynthetic characteristics of orchard citrus. Aust J Agricul Res 39:619–627

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Handel E (1968) Direct microdetermination of sucrose. Anal Biochem 22:280–283

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Velikova V, Yordanov I, Edreva A (2000) Oxidative stress and some antioxidant systems in acid rain treated bean plants. Protective role of exogenous polyamines. Plant Sci 151:59–66

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verslues PE, Ober ES, Sharp RE (1998) Root growth and oxygen relations at low water potentials. Impact of oxygen availability in polyethylene glycol solutions. Plant Physiol 116:1403–1412

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vierstra RD (1993) Protein degradation in plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 44:385–410

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wangensteen H, Dang HC, Uddin SJ, Alamgir M, Malterud KE (2009) Antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of the mangrove tree Heritiera fomes. Nat Prod Commun 4:371–376

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zagdańska B, Wiśniewski K (1996) Endoproteinase activities in wheat leaves upon water deficit. Acta Biochim Pol 43:515–519

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zeid IM, El-Semary NA (2001) Response of two differentially drought tolerant varieties of maize to drought stress. Pak J Biol Sci 4:779–784

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The financial support from Bose Institute, in the form of Institute Fellowship, and from the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India, is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank Mr. Jadab Ghosh for sound technical assistance, especially with spectrophotometric operations.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Bose Institute, 93/1, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 009, India

    Supratim Basu, Aryadeep Roychoudhury, Progya Paromita Saha & Dibyendu N. Sengupta

  2. Department of Botany, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 019, India

    Aryadeep Roychoudhury

Authors
  1. Supratim Basu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Aryadeep Roychoudhury
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Progya Paromita Saha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dibyendu N. Sengupta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aryadeep Roychoudhury.

Additional information

Communicated by M. Rapacz.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Basu, S., Roychoudhury, A., Saha, P.P. et al. Comparative analysis of some biochemical responses of three indica rice varieties during polyethylene glycol-mediated water stress exhibits distinct varietal differences. Acta Physiol Plant 32, 551–563 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-009-0432-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-009-0432-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation