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Recent advances in cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides: halogen-free catalysis and mechanistic insights

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Abstract

The atom-economical cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides to synthesize cyclic carbonates is a promising route for valuable utilization of CO2. Halogenide such as alkali metal halides and quaternary ammonium salt have been developed as the efficient catalysts. However, the spilled halogen causes equipment corrosion and affects the product purity. To address these concerns, the halogen-free cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides has always been desired. In this review, we systematically discussed the halogen-free catalysis for cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides from the mechanistic insights, aiming to promote the development of efficient halogen-free catalysts. Two types of catalysts, i.e., alternatives of halogen nucleophiles for epoxide activation, and bifunctional catalysts with Lewis acid-base sites for synergistic activation of CO2 and epoxides are summarized and emphasized. Specially, metal oxides as the potential halogen-free catalysts are highlighted due to their flexible acid-base sites for synergistic activation of CO2 and epoxides, facile preparation, and low cost.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFB4101900), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 22278305 and U21B2096).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China

    Jiaxin Li, Chengguang Yue, Wenhao Ji, Bangman Feng, Mei-Yan Wang & Xinbin Ma

  2. Ningbo Key Laboratory of Green Petrochemical Carbon Emission Reduction Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, 315200, China

    Mei-Yan Wang

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  1. Jiaxin Li
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Li, J., Yue, C., Ji, W. et al. Recent advances in cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides: halogen-free catalysis and mechanistic insights. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng. 17, 1879–1894 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-023-2354-4

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